Background Canine intrarenal cystic lesions (ICLs) are infrequently reported in the veterinary literature. Several treatment options have been described including cyst fenestration (partial nephrectomy/deroofing) +/− omentalization, sclerotherapy using alcohol as a sclerosing agent, percutaneous cyst drainage (PCD), and ureteronephrectomy. Information regarding presenting clinical signs, physical examination findings, histologic diagnosis and outcomes of dogs with ICLs treated by different methods is limited. Medical records of 11 institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs that underwent PCD, sclerotherapy, surgical deroofing +/− omentalization, or ureteronephrectomy for management of ICLs from 2004 to 2021. Six weeks postoperative/post-procedural follow-up was required. Cases suspected to represent malignancy on preoperative imaging were excluded. The study objective was to provide information regarding perioperative characteristics, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing treatment of ICLs. Results Eighteen dogs were included, with 24 ICLs treated. Ten had bilateral. There were 15 males and 3 females, with crossbreeds predominating. PCD, sclerotherapy, deroofing and ureteronephrectomy were performed in 5 (5 ICLs treated), 7 (11 ICLs), 6 (6), and 7 (7) dogs, respectively, with 5 dogs undergoing > 1 treatment. Seven dogs experienced 8 complications, with requirement for additional intervention commonest. PCD, sclerotherapy and deroofing resulted in ICL resolution in 0/5, 3/11 and 3/6 treated ICLs, respectively. Histopathology identified renal cysts (RCs) in 7/13 dogs with histopathology available and neoplasia in 6/13 (4 malignant, 2 benign). Of 5 dogs diagnosed histopathologically with neoplasia, cytology of cystic fluid failed to identify neoplastic cells. Among 7 dogs with histologically confirmed RCs, 4 had concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney, compared with 2/6 dogs with histologically confirmed neoplasia. Conclusions Benign and neoplastic ICLs were approximately equally common and cystic fluid cytology failed to differentiate the 2. Among renal-sparing treatments, deroofing most commonly resulted in ICL resolution. Presence of concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney does not appear reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ICLs.

A 13-yr-old Shih tzu was referred for surgical management of right-sided cranial abdominal mass, which corresponded to large, cavitated renal mass on ultrasonography, and was suspected to represent neoplasia. Intraoperative impression smear cytology (ISC) of the renal mass wall was consistent with benign renal cyst (RC), without evidence of neoplasia or infection. Deroofing and omentalisation were performed and histopathology was consistent with benign RC. Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed 4 mon postoperatively, however, the dog was asymptomatic, without cyst reoccurrence. Intraoperative ISC is an expedient and inexpensive diagnostic technique that can guide most appropriate treatment in dogs with large RCs.

BackgroundCanine intrarenal cystic lesions (ICLs) are infrequently reported in the veterinary literature. Several treatment options have been described including cyst fenestration (partial nephrectomy/deroofing) +/- omentalization, sclerotherapy using alcohol as a sclerosing agent, percutaneous cyst drainage (PCD), and ureteronephrectomy. Information regarding presenting clinical signs, physical examination findings, histologic diagnosis and outcomes of dogs with ICLs treated by different methods is limited. Medical records of 11 institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs that underwent PCD, sclerotherapy, surgical deroofing +/- omentalization, or ureteronephrectomy for management of ICLs from 2004-2021. Six weeks postoperative/post-procedural follow-up was required. Cases suspected to represent malignancy on preoperative imaging were excluded. The study objective was to provide information regarding perioperative characteristics, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing treatment of ICLs.RESULTSEighteen dogs were included, with 24 ICLs treated. Ten had bilateral. There were 15 males and 3 females, with crossbreeds predominating. PCD, sclerotherapy, deroofing and ureteronephrectomy were performed in 5 (5 ICLs treated), 7 (11 ICLs), 6 (6), and 7 (7) dogs, respectively, with 5 dogs undergoing >1 treatment. Seven dogs experienced 8 complications, with requirement for additional intervention commonest. PCD, sclerotherapy and deroofing resulted in ICL resolution in 0/5, 3/11 and 3/6 treated ICLs, respectively. Histopathology identified renal cysts (RCs) in 7/13 dogs with histopathology available and neoplasia in 6/13 (4 malignant, 2 benign). Of 5 dogs diagnosed histopathologically with neoplasia, cytology of cystic fluid failed to identify neoplastic cells. Among 7 dogs with histologically confirmed RCs, 4 had concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney, compared with 2/6 dogs with histologically confirmed neoplasia.CONCLUSIONSBenign and neoplastic ICLs were approximately equally common and cystic fluid cytology failed to differentiate the 2. Among renal-sparing treatments, deroofing most commonly resulted in ICL resolution. Presence of concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney does not appear reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ICLs.

Background Intraosseous epidermoid cyst (IEC) is a rare, non-neoplastic, pathology in animals and humans that most commonly affects the distal phalanx. In dogs, it is important to differentiate this lesion from malignant digital tumours causing bone lysis. In previous reports, IEC has been described to affect only a single digit at the time of diagnosis which is usually based on histopathology. This is the first case report to describe immunohistochemically confirmed IECs affecting simultaneously multiple digits. Case presentation A 4-and-a-half-year-old female spayed Great Dane was presented with a 2-month history of progressive swelling of the distal phalanx (PIII) of digits IV and V of the right pelvic limb. Eleven weeks prior to presentation, the dog had a low-grade cutaneous mast cell tumour completely excised from the craniolateral base of its left pinna. A history of trauma to 1 of the nails of the same pes 4 years prior to referral was also reported. Examination of the right pelvic limb identified firm non-painful swelling of PIII of digits IV and V, with concurrent deformation of the nails. Radiographs of the right pes obtained by the primary veterinarian identified an expansile lesion of PIII of digits IV and V. Computed tomography identified large expansile lesions of PIII of digits IV and V, with associated cortical thinning and soft tissue swelling. Neoplasia was considered the most likely radiographic diagnosis. Histopathology of Jamshidi bone biopsies was consistent with intraosseous epidermoid cyst, which was confirmed with immunohistochemistry. Amputation of PIII of digits IV and V at the level of mid-PII was performed as definitive treatment. No recurrence of the lesion occurred during the 10-month follow-up period. Conclusions Intraosseous epidermoid cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis for expansile lesions affecting the canine digit. It is important to differentiate them from other digital lesions, with bone involvement, such as malignant digital tumours, which often require more extensive surgery for definitive treatment. The case herein highlights that this lesion can affect simultaneously multiple digits. Definitive diagnosis can be achieved by identification of keratin-producing epithelial cells on histopathology and confirmed by pancytokeratin labelling.