Cytacja:Kwiatkowski M.A., 2018, Bike-sharing-boom -rozwój nowych form zrównoważonego transportu w Polsce na przykładzie roweru publicznego, Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 21(3), 60-69.Streszczenie: System roweru publicznego (bike-sharing system) staje się coraz bardziej powszechnym elementem systemu transportowego w przestrzeni miast w Polsce i na świecie. Do głównych powodów wprowadzania tego rozwiązania na obszarach miejskich zaliczyć można potrzebę zwiększenia wydajności miejskich systemów transportowych oraz dążenie do ograniczenia problemów tworzących się wskutek presji tradycyjnych środków transportu na środowisko. Rower publiczny z powodzeniem staje się także elementem transportu multimodalnego łącząc się z innymi środkami transportu publicznego. W Polsce bike-sharing funkcjonuje od 2008 r. rozszerzając swój zasięg z każdym kolejnym rokiem o nowe miasta, a także obszary wiejskie. W opracowaniu przeanalizowano zmiany liczby systemów w Polsce w latach 2017-2018 -w okresie największego rozwoju tej formy transportu na badanym obszarze. Analizę wykonano w oparciu o wskaźniki liczby stacji roweru publicznego na określonej powierzchni oraz liczby rowerów na tle liczby mieszkańców analizowanych miejscowości. W pracy porównano także cenniki wypożyczeń rowerów dla poszczególnych systemów funkcjonujących w Polsce. Na podstawie przeanalizowanych danych wyznaczono także kierunki rozwoju roweru publicznego w Polsce.Abstract: The public bicycle system (bike-sharing system) is becoming an increasingly common element of the transport system in urban space in Poland and in the world. The main reasons for implementing this solution in urban areas include the need to increase the efficiency of urban transport systems and to reduce the problems created by the pressure of traditional means of transport on the environment. Public bike is also successfully becoming an element of multimodal transport by connecting with other public transport. In Poland, bike-sharing has been operating since 2008, expanding its range with each subsequent year for new cities, as well as rural areas. The study analyzed changes in the number of systems in Poland in 2017-2018 -in the period of the greatest development of this form of transport in the studied area. The analysis was based on the indicators of the number of public bicycle stations on a given area and the number of bicycles on the background of the number of inhabitants of the analyzed cities. The work also compared bicycle rental rates for individual systems operating in Poland. On the basis of the analyzed data, the directions of public bicycle development in Poland were also determined.

The condition of the environment is one of the most fundamental concerns of cities worldwide, especially when high levels of pollution and environmental destruction exert immense impact on people’s quality of life. This paper focuses on Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, which often tops the charts as the world’s most polluted city. Despite associated problems such as congestion, ill health, and premature death, Macedonia’s scarce resources are instead spent on controversial projects, such as ‘Skopje 2014’, involving creating a national identity through massive and extremely costly constructions of neo-classical government buildings, museums and monuments. The aim of this paper is to compare the situation of Skopje to environmentally oriented activities conducted in several Polish cities and to discuss the possibility of their implementation in Skopje. Considering the scale and scope of Skopje’s environmental problems, the paper offers some priorities for action, including solutions that emphasize institution building, technical input and self-governance. It also highlights a number of economic, ecological, and socio-cultural contradictions involved in the process of achieving sustainable development.

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The purpose of study was to find out how electric bikes are perceived in Poland, a country with a high level of motorisation and a low cycling culture. A key question was to investigate whether differences in perceptions between traditional (unassisted) and electrically assisted bicycles could bring about greater interest in bicycle transport. The analysis was based on the results of a CAWI survey analysing the perception of the electric bicycle in comparison with the traditional bicycle and the car. Its undoubted advantages are marginalised (only 14% of respondents considered it more practical). The position of the electric bicycle seemed to increase in the opinion of the surveyed only when used by elderly people with poorer fitness, as something that can encourage them to cycle. In general evaluations, it was the traditional bicycle that was seen as better for health. The presented results may serve as a signal that electric bicycles need more promotion in Poland, especially in terms of the benefits of using this mode of transport and the advantages over conventional bikes. The electric bicycle, due to its still low popularity in Poland, may be treated as a certain novelty, which is approached with some distrust and reserve.

Although it is generally accepted that innovators and early adopters have a particular influence on the uptake of electric bikes, other groups, whose reactions to innovation have not been studied, are perhaps wrongly marginalised. Such individuals, often relying on stereotypes, also need to be included in researchers’ scope of interest. Therefore, the aim of the CAWI survey was to determine the attitudes of respondents, both users and non-users of electric bikes, and on this basis to classify by k-means analysis the attitudes towards the e-bike compared to the traditional bicycle and the car. The results obtained show a large variation between the designated classes. What most of them have in common is a strong attachment to the private car, which is typical for the cycling culture of this part of Europe, but the psycho-physical characteristics of the surveyed remain the strongest differentiating factor. Therefore, in the light of the opinions collected, it seems that the group Gadget lovers 1 and 2, whose share was about one-quarter of the total number surveyed, may be the most inclined to change their transport behaviour. This means that the e-bike, as an innovation, can overcome a critical discontinuity stage on the innovation diffusion curve in the Innovation Adaptation Lifecycle (IAL).