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Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is getting attention recently. The main reason of this situation is the announcement by the U.S. National Institute for Standard and Technology (NIST) about an opening of the standardization process for PQC. Recently NIST published a list of submissions qualified to the second round of this process. One of the selected algorithms is Round5, offering a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) and public key encryption (PKE). Due to high complexity of postquantum cryptosystems, only a few FPGA implementations have been reported to date. In this paper, we report results for lowarea purely-hardware implementation of Round5 targeting lowcost FPGAs.

We propose a novel and simple approach to algebraic attack on block ciphers with the SAT-solvers. As opposed to a standard approach, the equations for key expansion algorithms are not included in the formulas that are converted to satisfiability problem. The lack of equations leads to finding the solution much faster. The method was used to attack a lightweight block ciphers -SIMON and SPECK. We report the timings for roundreduced versions of selected ciphers and discuss the potential factors affecting the execution time of our attack.Abstract-We propose a novel and simple approach to algebraic attack on block ciphers with the SAT-solvers. As opposed to a standard approach, the equations for key expansion algorithms are not included in the formulas that are converted to satisfiability problem. The lack of equations leads to finding the solution much faster. The method was used to attack a lightweight block ciphers -SIMON and SPECK. We report the timings for roundreduced versions of selected ciphers and discuss the potential factors affecting the execution time of our attack.Abstract-We propose a novel and simple approach to algebraic attack on block ciphers with the SAT-solvers. As opposed to a standard approach, the equations for key expansion algorithms are not included in the formulas that are converted to satisfiability problem. The lack of equations leads to finding the solution much faster. The method was used to attack a lightweight block ciphers -SIMON and SPECK. We report the timings for roundreduced versions of selected ciphers and discuss the potential factors affecting the execution time of our attack.

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Wszelkie typy zbiorowości ludzkich -zarówno te sformalizowane, jak i te oparte na nieformalnej strukturze -wcześniej czy później, w toku samoorganizowania się, ulegały procesowi hierarchizacji 1 . Antecedencji powstania takiego porządku strukturalnego należy doszukiwać się w powolnym, aczkolwiek permanentnie zachodzącym zjawisku przenoszenia odpowiedzialności za podejmowanie finalnych decyzji w danym systemie społeczno-politycznym na osoby wykazujące zdolność do tego typu działań. W konsekwencji powyższego wyłonił się podział na gremium aktywne -zajmujące czołowe pozycje w rozmaitych sferach życia 2 , a przeto i w wymierny sposób wpływające na przechodzenie z jednego systemu organizacji zbiorowości do drugiego 3 oraz na resztę społeczeństwa. Proces ten -przedstawiony w tym miejscu w sposób uproszczony -stanowił przedmiot zainteresowania wielu uczonych i myślicieli, jak choćby Platona, św.