Introduction Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome of varying aetiologies, characterised by acute neurological symptoms of brain dysfunction with MRI abnormalities in posterior cerebral white and grey matter. In most cases, symptoms resolve without neurological consequences. Aim The aim of this paper is the analysis of predisposing factors, clinical outcomes and radiological features of PRES in eight children with hemato-oncological disease. Material and methods We analysed the medical records of eight hemato-oncological patients aged from 3.0 to 16.1 years. The mean of age at primary diagnosis was 8.5 years. Results All patients had both clinical and radiological PRES features. Seven out of eight underwent intensive chemotherapy regimens. Time elapsed from start of treatment to the occurrence of PRES ranged from 6 to 556 days. In one case, PRES occurred before chemotherapy and was the first symptom of cancer. Most (six of eight) patients had history of hypertension (> 95pc) and some (two of eight) occurred electrolyte imbalance-mainly hypomagnesaemia. Patients presented headache (seven of eight), disturbances of consciousness (six of eight), seizures (six of eight), visual changes (four of eight) and vomiting (three of eight). MRI demonstrated abnormalities in seven children: typical cerebral oedema in the white matter of the occipital to the parietal lobes. Most patient lesions in the MRI shrunk after 4 weeks, and clinical symptoms of PRES disappeared completely within a few hours to few days. Conclusion PRES may complicate oncological treatment in children. Hypertension is the most important risk factor of PRES. PRES should be included in differential diagnosis in all patients with acute neurological symptoms.

Background and objectives: Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It can be defined as a subjective lack of physical and mental energy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of fatigue in patients with MS and its relationship with overall physical activity and disease-related disability. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 patients with a clinical relapsing-remitting form of MS. Patients with severe depression were excluded. Neurological impairment was rated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Fatigue was assessed using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), with FSS scores greater than 36 indicating patients with fatigue. Physical activity was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and categorized on three levels: low, moderate, and high, using standard metabolic equivalents (MET). Results: The average FSS and MFIS scores were (mean ± SD) 31.3 ± 15.2 and 30.1 ± 17.0, respectively. The mean EDSS score was 2.5 ± 1.5. 42%. Patients were classified as fatigued based on FSS. Fatigued patients had higher mean EDSS scores than non-fatigued (3.0 ± 1.6 vs. 2.2 ± 1.4, respectively, p = 0.002). Low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity were reported in 35%, 20%, and 45% of patients, respectively. Higher scores of fatigue in FSS and MFIS were inversely correlated with the intensity of physical activity (r = −0.38, p < 0.001 and r = −0.33, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: In patients with MS, fatigue is a common symptom. Patients with lower physical activity and greater MS-related disability have a higher severity of fatigue, which negatively affects cognitive, psychosocial, and physical functioning.