MicroRNAs are relatively new molecules that have been widely studied in recent years as to determine their exact function in the human body. It is suggested that microRNAs control approx. 30% of all genes, making them one of the largest groups that control the expression of proteins. Various functions of miRNAs have already been described. In skin diseases, there are more and more studies describing an altered expression of microRNAs in the skin or serum. Relatively little is known about the function of these molecules in atopic dermatitis, which prompted us to gather current reports on this subject.
Przegląd Dermatologiczny 2014/5 STRESZCZENIEChoroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna (CD) jest schorzeniem zapalnym dotyczącym każdego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego -od jamy ustnej aż do odbytu. Należy do grupy nieswoistych zapaleń jelit o niewyjaśnionej etiologii. Częstość występowania tej choroby jest większa w krajach rozwiniętych. Zwraca się uwagę na zwiększoną zachorowalność w ostatnim okresie, co zapewne wiąże się z rozwojem gospodarczym i zmianą sposobu żywienia. Poza objawami z przewodu pokarmowego występują również objawy z innych narządów, w tym skóry. Skórne objawy stwierdza się u 14-44% pacjentów z CD. Można je podzielić na swoiste i reaktywne zmiany skórne oraz zmiany skórne w przebiegu zaburzeń odżywiania i wchłaniania. Najczęstsze zmiany swoiste to okołoodbytnicze szczeliny, przetoki i ropnie powstałe przez bezpośred-nie szerzenie się choroby z jelit, które stanowią do 68% zmian skórnych w tej chorobie. Do innych, bardzo częstych reaktywnych zmian skór-nych należą: rumień guzowaty -obserwowany u około 8% pacjentów z CD, piodermia zgorzelinowa -u około 1-2%, łuszczyca -u około 10%, wtórna uogólniona amyloidoza -u około 6%. Jedną ze swoistych zmian skórnych jest pozajelitowa skórna CD. Jest to jedna z najrzadszych manifestacji skórnych CD, mało poznana i rzadko opisywana. Przyjmuje ona bardzo różny obraz kliniczny (grudki, nacieki, guzki, owrzodzenia) i może pojawić się w różnej lokalizacji. Pozajelitowa skórna CD objawia się nieserowaciejącymi ziarniniakami w skórze i w tkance podskórnej, które nie szerzą się przez ciągłość z przewodu pokarmowego. ABSTRACTCrohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disorder that may involve any segment of the gastrointestinal tract from the oral cavity to the anus. CD belongs to the group of nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases of unknown etiology. Its frequency is higher in well-developed countries. Attention is paid to increasing morbidity recently, which may be due to economic growth and changing habits of nutrition. CD may also involve different organs, including the skin. Skin lesions appear in 14-44% of patients with intestinal CD. We can divide them into 3 groups: specific lesions, reactive lesions associated with CD, and nutritional skin changes. The most frequent specific skin lesions, observed in 68% of patients, are perianal fissures, fistulas, and abscesses, which are due to direct spread of the inflammation from the bowel. The other frequent skin changes are reactive skin lesions such as erythema nodosum (8% of patients), pyoderma gangrenosum (1-2%), psoriasis (10%)
IntroductionPositive skin prick tests (SPT) results with protein allergens are the minor Hanifin and Rajka’s atopic dermatitis (AD) criterion. In adults, they mainly concern aeroallergens. The inflammation of skin often prevents SPT, but does not exclude the assessment of serous specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) concentrations.AimTo assess usefulness of testing AD patients to aeroallergens with SPT and sIgE concentrations, and the correlation of these results and the clinical AD course.Material and methodsIn 286 AD patients, total IgE and sIgE (14 aeroallergens) were measured. SPTs were performed with 17 aeroallergens. The AD severity was determined depending on the concurrent co-existence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, extensive skin flares and severe itching.Results59.1% and 66.1% of patients have had positive results of sIgE and SPT, respectively (p > 0.05). The concentration of total IgE has positively correlated with the number of positive sIgE results (rho = 0.588, p < 0.001) and their intensity (rho = 0.592, p < 0.001). Among the patients with at least one high positive sIgE score, severe AD patients have been dominant (59.8% vs. 40.2%, p < 0.04). Among the patients with positive results without any high scores, the percentages are 21.6 and 78.4, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe compatibility of SPT results and IgE concentrations indicates that the two methods equally assess aeroallergy in AD patients. The assessment of sIgE concentrations is especially advisable in patients with an elevated total IgE level. The obtained results may suggest that presence of a high specific IgE level of antibodies to aeroallergens may be the factor predicting a severe clinical AD course.
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