Recently, our group produced spin-polarized hydrogen (SPH) atoms at densities of at least 1019 cm−3 from the photodissociation of hydrogen halide molecules with circularly polarized UV light and measured them via magnetization-quantum beats with a pickup coil. These densities are approximately 7 orders of magnitude higher than those produced using conventional methods, opening up new fields of application, such as ultrafast magnetometry, the production of polarized MeV and GeV particle beams, such as electron beams with intensities approximately 104 higher than current sources, and the study of polarized nuclear fusion, for which the reaction cross sections of D–T and D–3He reactions are expected to increase by 50% for fully polarized nuclear spins. We review the production, detection, depolarization mechanisms, and potential applications of high-density SPH.

We present a compact polarimeter, which can perform sensitive measurements of optical rotation in vapor. The operation of the polarimeter is based a Cavity Ring-Down scheme which employs two signal reversals, which increase sensitivity and reduce noise, allowing the realization of sensitive measurements in the presence of spurious birefringence. We describe the operation of the polarimeter, give the basic equations for the signal analysis and retrieval of optical rotation angle, and present measurements that demonstrate a sensitivity of ~80 μdeg/pass.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a well-known thermochromic material that can potentially be used as a smart coating on glazing systems in order to regulate the internal temperature of buildings. Most growth techniques for VO2 demand high temperatures (>250 °C), making it impossible to comply with flexible (polymeric) substrates. To overcome this problem, hydrothermally synthesized VO2 particles may be dispersed in an appropriate matrix, leading to a thermochromic coating that can be applied on a substrate at a low temperature (<100 °C). In this work, we reported on the thermochromic properties of a VO2/Poly-Vinyl-Pyrrolidone (PVP) nanocomposite. More specifically, a fixed amount of VO2 particles was dispersed in different PVP quantities forming hybrids of various VO2/PVP molar ratios which were deposited as films on fused silica glass substrates by utilizing the drop-casting method. The crystallite size was calculated and found to be 35 nm, almost independent of the PVP concentration. As far as the thermochromic characteristics are concerned, the molar ratio of the VO2/PVP nanocomposite producing VO2 films with the optimum thermochromic properties was 0.8. These films exhibited integral solar transmittance modulation (overall wavelengths) ΔTrsol = 0.35%–1.7%, infrared (IR) switching at 2000 nm ΔTrIR = 10%, visible transmittance at 550 nm TrVis = 38%, critical transition temperature TC = 66.8 °C, and width of transmittance hysteresis loop ΔTC = 6.8 °C. Moreover, the critical transition temperature was observed to slightly shift depending on the VO2/PVP molar ratio.