Michel Heller, Pamiať : smuggling of history. The five booklets of Pamiať (Istoricheskii sbornik) represent an important source of information on the political, social and cultural life in the Soviet Union since the time of the revolution and up to our days. The present article aims to acquaint with the contents of these compilations, whilst analyzing the causes of nationalization of history in USSR and the necessity to infringe upon the monopoly of memory reserved to the state.

Michel Heller, Premier avertissement : un coup de fouet. L'histoire de l'expulsion des personnalités culturelles hors de l'Union Soviétique en 1922. L'expulsion de Russie soviétique d'un groupe important de penseurs, de représentants éminents de l'intelligentsia russe au cours de l'été 1922, fut un épisode de l'histoire de la lutte engagée par l'État soviétique pour instaurer le conformisme dans le pays. La famine qui s'abattit en 1921 sur un territoire de trente millions d'habitants, contraignit le Gouvernement soviétique — pour la première et pour la dernière fois — à accepter le concours de la collectivité sociale qui exigea d'être considérée comme son égale. L'autorisation de créer un Comité panrusse d'aide aux affamés et la dissolution de celui-ci au bout de cinq semaines sont caractéristiques de l'attitude du pouvoir soviétique à l'égard de ceux qui veulent l'aider, mais ne veulent pas se soumettre : faire des concessions lorsqu'il n'y a pas d'autre issue, les refuser dès que la nécessité ne s'en fait plus sentir, exercer des représailles pour les avoir tolérées. L'expulsion de l'intelligentsia, organisée en 1922 par Lénine, fut un acte de vengeance de ce type et un avertissement à ceux qui restaient.

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SUMMARY. — An unknown work of G. Lemaître written around 1950 as the text of a conference at the Institut Catholique features the following main topics : 1) The spatial infinity difficulty could be avoided by adopting closed geometries. 2) The dynamical evolution of the Universe is described by the Friedmann equation including the cosmological constant. 3) Thanks to this constant, a mechanism of formation of clusters of galaxies could be imagined. 4) Cosmic radiations are partly produced by the decay of the Primeval Atom. The authors hope that this unknown work of Lemaître will contribute to the history of cosmology.

Michel Heller, Gor'kii and the lies. The essential quality of a Russian writer occupying the throne of "master of thought", since Belinskii, was the "edinobozhie" , that is a fanatical dedication to an idea. M. Gor'kii often changed ideas and "gods", but always remained within the framework of an unvarying outline : a researcher of truth (god), bearer of collective energy, entrusted with the expression of mass desires as opposed to the mass, to the crowd that does not understand its own interests. The strong and the weak, the strong leading the weak. Since the weak do not want to go anywhere, they must be drawn into motion, given a "golden dream", a beautiful lie. The truth, within Gor'kii's conception is a force hostile to humanity, an obstacle to progress. For the first time, Gor'kii explained this conception in a "poetical tale" "About the canary that was lying and the woodpecker who loved truth", published in 1893. The article describes the evolution of this conception in Gor'kii's work, till the end of his life, till his articles glorifying Stalinist terror and the concentration camps.