The incidence of anatomic variations of the vertebral artery V2 segment is high. Potentially dangerous conditions can be detected on preoperative imaging.
Summary.The cardiomyoplasty procedure involves the use of a transformed skeletal muscle to augment cardiac pump function or to substitute for the heart after parietal resection. This study of the intramuscular vascularization of latissimus dorsi was carried out in order to establish the relationship between the dominant thoracodorsal blood supply and the distal supply issued from the intercostal and lumbar arteries. This data is mandatory for the safe manipulation of the muscle flap during cardiomyoplasty. Thirty human latissimus dorsi flaps were carefully studied. We confirmed anatomically as well as angiographically previous macroscopic anatomical reports, as well as the constancy of the neurovascular pedicle. Three principal branching patterns were observed for the thoracodorsal artery. The thoracodorsal artery divides into three main tributaries in 20/30 (67%), and into two tributaries in 10/30 (33%) of the flaps observed. When three tributaries were observed, one of them was a small recurrent artery for the proximal third of the latissimus dorsi (14/20, 70%). Thus the distal vascularization is actually dependant on three principals in 6/30 (20%) and two principals in 24/30 (80%). From these two or three principals emerge several subsequent longitudinal branches (5 to 9) that have a straight course until their distal anastomoses with segmental arterial pedicles issued from intercostal and lumbar arteries. The latter ligation can thus occur without ischemic damage to the medial and distal aspect of the flap. This study emphasizes that, due to macroscopic anatomic features and systematic intramuscular vascular distribution, the latissimus dorsi is probably the most suitable muscle for the purpose of cardiomyoplasty.Résumé. Le concept de cardiomyoplastie s'articule sur l'utilisation d'un muscle squelettique transformé, pour augmenter la fonction de pompe dévolue au myocarde, ou pour se substituer à celui-ci après une résection pariétale. La présente étude anatomique, étudiant la distribution vasculaire intramusculaire du m. grand dorsal, a été réalisée pour apprécier la distribution intramusculaire fine, ainsi que les relations existant entre l'apport thoraco-dorsal proximal prédominant et les deux sources d'apport vasculaire périphérique issues des artères intercostales et lombaires. Cette information est indispensable pour permettre une manipulation rigoureuse du muscle lors de la cardiomyoplastie. Trente muscles grands dorsaux ont été soigneusement étudiés. Nous avons confirmé les données macroscopiques déjà publiées, ainsi que la constance du pédicule thoraco-dorsal. Trois modes principaux de division au niveau du hile ont été reconnus. L'artère thoraco-dorsale se divise en trois branches principales dans 20/30 (67%) des cas, et en deux branches principales dans 10/30 (33%) des cas. Quand trois branches sont observées, l'une d'entre elles est une petite branche récurrente pour la portion proximale du muscle dans 14/20 (70%) des cas. En conséquence, la vascularisation distale est en réalité dépendante de tro...
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