The models most commonly used, to study the effects of psychosocial work factors on workers' health, are the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) model and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model. An emerging body of research has identified Organisational Justice as another model that can help to explain deleterious health effects. This review aimed: (1) to identify prospective studies of the associations between organisational justice and mental health in industrialised countries from 1990 to 2010; (2) to evaluate the extent to which organisational justice has an effect on mental health independently of the DCS and ERI models; and (3) to discuss theoretical and empirical overlap and differences with previous models. The studies had to present associations between organisational justice and a mental health outcome, be prospective, and be entirely available in English or in French. Duplicated papers were excluded. Eleven prospective studies were selected for this review. They provide evidence that procedural justice and relational justice are associated with mental health. These associations remained significant even after controlling for the DCS and ERI models. There is a lack of prospective studies on distributive and informational justice. In conclusion, procedural and relational justice can be considered a different and complementary model to the DCS and ERI models. Future studies should evaluate the effect of change in exposure to organisational justice on employees' mental health over time.

This is the first systematic review and critical synthesis on the adverse effects of psychosocial work factors of the demand-control-support and effort-reward imbalance models on blood pressure. A more consistent effect has been observed among men than women and among studies of higher methodological quality. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular diseases prevention may benefit from these findings.Affiliation: Population health research unit, St-Sacrement hospital,

The objective of this 2nd phase of a 2-year study among female nurses was to provide further empirical validation of the demands-control and social support model. The association of job strain with psychological problems and the potential modifying role of social support at work were examined. A questionnaire was sent at the workplace to 1,741 nurses. The same associations were found between psychological demands, decision latitude, and a combination of the 2 with psychological distress and emotional exhaustion for current exposure and for cumulative exposure. Social support had a direct effect on these psychological symptoms but did not modify their association with job strain. Longitudinal and prospective data are needed to study the occurrence and persistence of health problems when exposure is maintained or retrieved.

IMPORTANCE Mental health problems are associated with considerable occupational, medical, social, and economic burdens. Psychosocial stressors at work have been associated with a higher risk of mental disorders, but the risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder, indicating a more severe condition, has never been investigated in a systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVETo synthesize the evidence of the association of psychosocial stressors at work with sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder among adult workers.DATA SOURCES Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and International Bibliography of the Social Sciences), 3 gray literature databases (Grey Literature Report, WHO-IRIS and Open Grey), and the reference lists of all eligible studies and reviews were searched in January 2017 and updated in February 2019.STUDY SELECTION Only original prospective studies evaluating the association of at least 1 psychosocial stressor at work from the 3 most recognized theoretical models were eligible: the job demand-control-support model, including exposure to job strain (high psychological demands with low job control); effort-reward imbalance model; and organizational justice model. Study selection was performed in duplicate by blinded independent reviewers. Among the 28 467 citations screened, 23 studies were eligible for systematic review.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Data extraction and risk of bias evaluation, using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-Interventions tool, were performed in duplicate by blinded independent reviewers. Data were pooled using random-effect models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sickness absence due to a mental disorder with a diagnosis obtained objectively.RESULTS A total of 13 studies representing 130 056 participants were included in the 6 meta-analyses. Workers exposed to low reward were associated with a higher risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder compared with nonexposed workers (pooled risk ratio [RR], 1.76 [95% CI, 1.49-2.08]), as were those exposed to effort-reward imbalance (pooled RR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.37-2.00]), job strain (pooled RR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.24-1.74]), low job control (pooled RR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.02-1.53]), and high psychological demands (pooled RR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.04-1.45]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This meta-analysis found that workers exposed to psychosocial stressors at work were associated with a higher risk of sickness absence due to a mental disorder. A better understanding of the importance of these stressors could help physicians when evaluating their patients' mental health and work capacity.

T HAS BEEN SHOWN IN SEVERAL 1-6 BUT not all studies 7-9 that job strain, a combination of high psychological demands and low decision latitude, 10 increases the risk of a first coronary heart disease (CHD) event. However, the association of job strain with the risk of recurrent CHD events after a first myocardial infarction (MI) has been documented in only 2 prospective studies whose findings were inconsistent. 11,12 Two major limitations of these previous studies were that they did not assess the duration of psychosocial work exposure 11-13 and were conducted with a limited number of participants (n=62, 11 n=200 12). Our study was undertaken to determine whether job strain increases the risk of recurrent CHD events when the duration of psychosocial work exposure is taken into account in a large cohort who returned to work after a first recent MI. METHODS Patients and Data Collection A total of 1191 patients younger than 60 years were recruited from 30 hospitals in the province of Quebec, Canada, between November 1995 and October 1997. Eligible patients had a first acute MI, held a paid job in the 12 months before their MI, and planned to return to work at least 10 hours per week within 18 months after their MI. The ethics board of each hospital approved the study. Written informed consent was obtained before hospital discharge. The final study population included 972 patients (FIGURE 1). Medical information regarding the acute MI and past medical history was documented during the first hospitalization. Participants were interviewed 3 times by telephone: at baseline in 1996-1998, an average of 6 weeks after their return to work, 2.2 years later in 1998-2000, and after 6.9 years in 2003-2005. Validated questionnaires for the first 2 inter-See also p 1693 and Patient Page.