This patent presents a method for reducing a three-channel multiplexed adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) encoder and decoder onto a large-scale integration IC chip. A mode-control input allows the predictor circuit and other data pathways to be reconnected so as to function either as an encoder or as a decoder.--DLR 4,709,340 43.72.Ja DIGITAL SPEECH SYNTHESIZER The parameter values are processed by decision logic involving a table lookup in a two-dimensional feature space to obtain a phoneme sequence. Circuit diagrams and some of the source code listings are presented.--DLR 4,752,958 43.72.Ne DEVICE FOR SPEAKER'S VERIFICATION Michele Cavazza and Alberto Ciaramella, assignors to Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. 21 June 1988 (Class 381/42); filed in Italy 19 December 1983 This speaker verification system performs a filter bank spectral analysis of the test phrase, and uses dynamic programming techniques to align the band energy parameters with those originally stored by the announced system user. Two novel features mentioned are an improved utterance endpoint detector and a histogram-based normalization of the acceptance threshold probability level.--DLR Giuseppe N. Capizzi et aL, assignors to Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. 24 November 1987 (Class 364/513.5); filed in Italy 10 June 1983

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is a relationship between the alignment or misalignment of the marginal ridges of posterior teeth and the degree of resorption of interproximal alveolar bone. Material and Methods: Intraoral scans and bitewing radiographs were performed on 50 subjects. The bitewing radiographs were analyzed using the VixWinTM Platinum software, measuring the distance between the cementitious junction and the alveolar ridge at the interproximal level for 32 sites for each patient, defined as bitewing scores. The digital models have been oriented in the three dimensions using the Rhinoceros 3D and the linear distance between two contiguous marginal ridges was measured for each interproximal space. To estimate the entity of the correlation, a separate linear regression was performed on the bitewing score for each mouth quadrant. Using the t-test the significance of each estimated coefficient was determinate (P < 0.05). Results: In the general comparison including all the analyzed elements, the independent variables are partially correlated with each other. Apparently, the relationship between independent and dependent variables appears to be insignificant. Comparing groups of teeth, however, there seems to be a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) between canine and lower first premolar in the XZ and YZ planes and between lower first and second molars in the three dimensions. Conclusion: There seems to be a poor correlation at a general level between periodontal conditions of the alveolar bone and the degree of alignment of the marginal ridges.