The aim of this paper is to provide an account of how hunger motivates us to seek food and eat. It seems that the way that it feels to be hungry must play some role in it fulfilling this function. We propose that hunger is best viewed as a complex state involving both affective (viz., hedonic) and somatic constituents, as well as, crucially, changes in the way in which the hungry agent’s attention is deployed. We argue that in order to capture the distinctive way in which hunger motivates we need to articulate the relations amongst such components. The resulting account explains how hunger as an aversive affective reaction to a state of need motivates us specifically to eat and not to just to rid ourselves of the unpleasant sensations associated to it. We suggest, however, that there is more than this to the overall affective experience of the hungry agent, because hunger ordinarily facilitates the elicitation of other, positive affective reactions such as interest and appetite, and recruits them to further its function.
Que les émotions soient particulièrement précieuses pour notre bien-être est désormais une idée largement acceptée. Dans cet article, nous soutenons que la plupart des façons dont les émotions sont communément considérées comme ayant une valeur prudentielle – sur le plan hédonique, expérientiel et adaptatif – ne sont pas propres aux émotions : elles sont en fait partagées par d’autres réactions affectives telles que les besoins et les affects sensoriels. Cela pourrait suggérer que les émotions n’ont pas de valeur prudentielle d’une manière qui leur soit spécifique. Nous contestons cette suggestion en soutenant que, contrairement à d’autres réactions affectives, les émotions fournissent des contextes uniques qui permettent d’affiner notre sensibilité générale à une grande variété de propriétés évaluatives – et qu’en ce sens, elles ont une valeur prudentielle qui leur est propre.
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