In 2010 enrollment of women in Canadian engineering undergraduate programs was 17.7%. Although this reflects a slight increase in the number of female engineers since 2005, much effort is needed to increase diversity in the profession by fostering interest in, recruiting and supporting this group. The following outlines the holistic methods used by the University of Waterloo’s Women in Engineering (WiE) group to support females in all stages of their educations (Kindergarten to Post Graduate). Early Engagement of girls in grade K-8 is used to foster interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) and inspire them to enroll and succeed in these courses in grade 11 and 12. Programing for high-school students are designed to highlight how individual interests can be paired with many engineering fields and can lead to a fulfilling professional career. Many WiE programs for elementary and secondary girls are delivered in “girls only” environments to reduce some of the social pressures that may play a role in discouraging them to pursue STEM interests. To further this, the location of each programs is chosen to suit the audience by providing a safe, accessible and comfortable environment, either on campus or within the girls’ communities. Once young women choose engineering, the WiE group offers opportunities for support at the University of Waterloo. These opportunities range from networking with classmates and alumni to mentoring and professional development. These programs are organized both at a faculty and staff level as well as through a student driven platform. Through engagement and support for female students over the continuum of education WiE helps to inspire more women to pursue and enjoy careers in engineering, contribute to diversity of ideas within the profession and create role models for future engineering students.
This article is a meta-analysis of research on the use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in educational communities. OER's are free educational resources that are openly available on the internet for faculty or student use (as cited in Annand, 2015). According to Senack & Donahue (2016) the cost of textbooks can cause an undue burden on students and hinder their educational experience. OER's are given consideration and in use in some educational environments as a means of lowering textbooks costs for students. This article further addresses research regarding student and faculty response to the use of OER's in the higher education milieu. Research demonstrates a divide among students, i.e. some students that appreciate the open availability of OER's, but others who prefer printed materials for their educational experience (Brandle et. Al, 2019). The research also speaks to faculty perception regarding the adoption of OER's. Faculty seek institutional support through provision in their schedules for time and investment needed to ful-
Labelling a food product for the UK market can be an arduous task with many potential pitfalls. The Legislation Section of the Leatherhead Food RA has developed a range of services to help the food industry avoid making these costly mistakes. Michele Wells describes the help the RA offers.
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