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This chapter discusses characteristics of wetlands, where they are found, history of loss and degradation, and regulation and conservation of wetlands. Although wetlands have received much less public attention and research than streams in Kentucky, they are equally important habitats because they perform ecosystem functions that are valuable to humans and wildlife alike. Functions include flood attenuation, filtration of pollutants and sediments, water storage and supply, and wildlife habitat, many of which have human values. The chapter closes with wetland protection successes and efforts to address shortcomings through development of wetland assessment techniques and improved wetland preservation and mitigation.