The overlap between depression, hopelessness, and psychache constructs was investigated using 587 undergraduates. Analyses indicated three correlated dimensions; among these, psychache accounts for more variance in depression and hopelessness than these latter variables account for in psychache. All constructs demonstrated convergent validity, but psychache was associated with the widest range of suicide criteria. These findings support that psychache is a leading variable associated with suicide risk.
A sample of 119 female suicide attempters completed the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). Although confirmatory common factor analyses of BSS items failed to support previously hypothesized one-, two-, or three-factor models, confirmatory principal components analyses substantiated hypothesized one- and two-dimensional models. Heuristics for the number of factors converged on two latent dimensions and exploratory principal components analyses verified the presence of two previously hypothesized suicide ideation factors: motivation and preparation. Scales based on this two-dimensional model demonstrated convergent validity with other suicide indices.
The General Ability Index (GAI) was compared with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition (WAIS-III) Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) from the WAIS-III in data obtained from 381 adults assessed for reported learning or attention problems between 1998 and 2005. Not only did clients with more neurocognitively based disorders (i.e., learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and brain injury) demonstrate a larger discrepancy between GAI and FSIQ than did those with mainly psychological conditions (i.e., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder), but specific neurocognitive diagnosis also moderated the relationship between these two indices. In neurocognitive disorders, GAI was found to be generally higher than FSIQ, a finding that distinguished this group from a nonclinical sample. There were significant differences in GAI among the clinical groups, and FSIQ was closely related to GAI. Implications for use of the GAI in clinical practice are discussed.
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