Objective Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in Veterans. Symptoms can perpetuate into late life, negatively impacting physical and mental health. Exercise and social support are beneficial in treating anxiety disorders such as PTSD in the general population, although less is known about the impact on Veterans who have lived with PTSD for decades. This study assessed associations between social connectedness, physical function and self‐reported change in PTSD symptoms among older Veterans specifically participating in Gerofit. Design Prospective clinical intervention. Setting Twelve sites of Veterans Affairs (VA) Gerofit exercise program across the United States. Participants Three hundred and twenty one older Veteran Gerofit participants (mean age = 74) completed physical assessments and questionnaires regarding physical and emotional symptoms and their experience. Measurements Measures of physical function, including 30‐second chair stands, 10‐m and 6‐min walk were assessed at baseline and 3 months; change in PTSD symptoms based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual—5 (DSM‐5) assessed by a self‐report questionnaire; and social connection measured by the Relatedness Subscale of the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise scale (PNSE) were evaluated after 3 months of participation in Gerofit. Results Ninety five (29.6%) Veterans reported PTSD. Significant improvement was noted in self‐rated PTSD symptoms at 3 months (P < .05). Moderate correlation (r = .44) was found between social connectedness with other participants in Gerofit and PTSD symptom improvement for those Veterans who endorsed improvement (n = 59). All participants improved on measures of physical function. In Veterans who endorsed PTSD there were no significant associations between physical function improvement and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion Veterans with PTSD that participated in Gerofit group exercise reported symptom improvement, and social connectedness was significantly associated with this improvement. In addition to physical health benefits, the social context of Gerofit may offer a potential resource for improving PTSD symptoms in older Veterans that warrants further study.

Veterans represent a unique population of older adults, as they are more likely to self-report a disability and be overweight or obese compared with the general population. We sought to compare changes in mobility function across the obesity spectrum in older veterans participating in 6 months of Gerofit, a clinical exercise program. A total of 270 veterans (mean age: 74 years) completed baseline, 3-, and 6-month mobility assessments and were divided post hoc into groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese. The mobility assessments included 10-m walk time, 6-min walk distance, 30-s chair stands, and 8-foot up-and-go time. No significant weight × time interactions were found for any measure. However, clinically significant improvements of 7–20% were found for all mobility measures from baseline to 3 months and maintained at 6 months (all ps < .05). Six months of participation in Gerofit, if enacted nationwide, appears to be one way to improve mobility in older veterans at high risk for disability, regardless of weight status.

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Children with autistic disorder (AD) display atypical eye contact and struggle with the social imitation of eye contact. Impaired social imitation may be indicative of disruptions in motor learning processes. The application of specific motor learning principles, such as external feedback, may suggest which variables will result in positive change in eye contact. The study aimed to determine the effects of knowledge of performance (KP) and knowledge of results (KR) as types of feedback on the frequency and duration of elicited and spontaneous eye contact in children with AD. A two-phase multiple-probe, multi-treatment (cross-over), singleparticipant design with a withdrawal component was used. Mixed treatment effects were obtained. Overall effects suggest that KR results in the greatest positive change over a short period of time regarding frequency and duration for both elicited and spontaneous eye contact. This type of feedback seems to be the most effective for spontaneous eye contact. The provision of KP, after elicited and spontaneous eye contact, produced positive effects for duration only. The current Phase 1 evidence suggests that KR (which is goal-directed with fewer additional instructions) may be more beneficial to children with AD. These findings are in accordance with the limb motor learning literature and may therefore support preliminary evidence for disrupted motor learning during eye contact imitation in children with AD.</p></div>

Background: Gerofit, an exercise program for older Veterans, is undergoing national dissemination (17 sites in 6 years). Four sites have accrued 4-year functional outcomes (gait speed, 8-foot-up-and-go, 30-second chair stand, and six-minute walk). Methods: Functional assessments were administered quarterly in first year and annually thereafter. Individuals with baseline and at least two follow up measures were included for analysis (n=587). Means were gathered across each timepoint. Results: Mean values for functional assessments from baseline to 4 year were as follows: gait speed m/s- 1.04, 1.12, 1.13, 1.13, 1.09, 1.07, 1.13; 8 ft-up-and-go seconds- 7.6, 6.82, 6.69, 6.69, 7.29, 7.29, 7.51; 30 second chair stands 11.88, 14.06, 14.72, 14.89, 14.69, 14.71, 14.96; and six-minute-walk yards- 499, 532, 541, 544, 531, 530, 556. All follow up measures were significantly improved over baseline (P&lt;.01) and superior to normative age-related decline. Implications: Results indicate that exercise promotes compression of morbidity and improved functional health.