Purpose
This study aimed to develop and administer an adapted survey tool to measure counseling skills in graduate students and early-career speech-language pathologists, focusing on the concept of counselor self-efficacy.
Method
An online survey, adapted from the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales (
Lent, Hill, & Hoffman, 2003
), was administered. Two hundred ninety-four surveys were completed. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, along with measures of reliability and validity, in order to determine the psychometric properties of the tool.
Results
Factor analysis supported a 5-factor solution, with subscales reflecting Emotional Support Skills, Session Management Skills, and Helping Skills in 3 domains: Exploration, Insight, and Action. Strong internal consistency was found for each subscale and for the total scale scores. Significant intercorrelations between subscale scores were expected and confirmed. Construct validity was examined with reference to American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and Council for Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology practice guidelines and clinical competencies. Preliminary comparative data were analyzed to demonstrate utility of the tool in measuring effects of experience on self-efficacy ratings.
Conclusion
The adapted Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales for speech-language pathologists is psychometrically sound; factor analysis, reliability, and validity were in line with reported values for the original survey tool. Potential uses for the survey tool within the field of speech-language pathology are discussed, along with implications for graduate education and clinical supervision related to counseling skills.
The present study examined current supervision experiences and factors that predicted satisfaction for play therapist supervisees. Participants (n = 238) from the Association for Play Therapy (APT) were included. Participants completed a web-hosted survey which included items related to their current supervision experience, the Supervisee Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ), and a demographic questionnaire. A nonexperimental, correlational design was used to examine the relationship between participants’ current supervision experiences and their satisfaction with supervision. Regression and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to analyze the data. Standardized regression coefficients indicated that supervisors’ professional identity as play therapist and supervisees’ years of experience predicted supervisee satisfaction with supervision. A discussion of implications and recommendations for future research is included.
Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT) uses interventions aimed to identify couples' interactional processes and underlying emotions related to attachment needs. An examination of creative intervention in counseling reveals that their outcomes are similar to the goals of EFT's interventions. This article asserts that EFT can be supplemented with creative activities that intensify the present moment to heighten awareness of emotions and communication processes. This article provides examples for using music, visual art with guided imagery, and role-play with props intertwined with EFT interventions to counsel a Caucasian, middleaged married couple in an 11-year relationship. The case example illustrates how creativity can be used in EFT to reveal underlying emotions and communication patterns. Suggestions for clinical practice are provided.
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