No abstract

Poly(4-vinylphenol) sensitized by an aromatic monoazide compound (4-azidochalcone), called MRL (Micro Resist for Longer wavelengths), has been prepared and evaluated as a negative UV resist. The resist is sensitive to radiation in the 300 to 400 nm region. The sensitivity of MRL is comparable to that of a positive quinonediazide photoresist under exposure to unfiltered light from a high pressure Hg lamp. An aqueous base developer removes the unexposed areas of MRL with no evidence of swelling of the exposed areas, indicating its high resolution capability. The main products in the exposure of MRL films are found to be primary and secondary amines. It is concluded that the formation of secondary amines attached to the polymer chain is responsible for the insolubilization of the exposed MRL in the base developer.

In the bone, collagen fibrils form a lamellar structure called the "twisted plywood-like model." Because of this unique structure, bone can withstand various mechanical stresses. However, the formation of this structure has not been elucidated because of the difficulty of observing the collagen fibril production of the osteoblasts via currently available methods. This is because the formation occurs in the very limited space between the osteoblast layer and bone matrix. In this study, we used ultra-high-voltage electron microscopy (UHVEM) to observe collagen fibril production three-dimensionally. UHVEM has 3-MV acceleration voltage and enables us to use thicker sections. We observed collagen fibrils that were beneath the cell membrane of osteoblasts elongated to the outside of the cell. We also observed that osteoblasts produced collagen fibrils with polarity. By using AVIZO software, we observed collagen fibrils produced by osteoblasts along the contour of the osteoblasts toward the bone matrix area. Immediately after being released from the cell, the fibrils run randomly and sparsely. But as they recede from the osteoblast, the fibrils began to run parallel to the definite direction and became thick, and we observed a periodical stripe at that area. Furthermore, we also observed membrane structures wrapped around filamentous structures inside the osteoblasts. The filamentous structures had densities similar to the collagen fibrils and a columnar form and diameter. Our results suggested that collagen fibrils run parallel and thickly, which may be related to the lateral movement of the osteoblasts. UHVEM is a powerful tool for observing collagen fibril production.

No abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention concerns a digital hardware archi tecture for realizing neural networks. Throughout the description, reference is made to the following list of references: