Films of platinum spluttered in various gases have been examined by the method of electron-diffraction. They often show patterns which indicate that the small crystals are oriented with one face parallel to the surface of the specimen, the crystals being otherwise at random. The width of the rings formed by diffraction shows that in many cases the crystals are very small, of the order of 5 x 10-7 cm. Some films of platinum &oxide showed crystals of the order 2 x IO-' cm. § I. I N T R O D U C T I O N N the course of a research in collaboration with Prof. G. I. Finch and others on the catalytic properties of thin spluttered films of platinum, we have noticed I certain peculiarities in the crystalline condition of some of the films which seemworthy of note. They concern the orientation of the small crystals of which these films are composed, and the size of the crystals.The films were prepared by spluttering in a gas-argon, oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen-at a pressure of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm. and at voltages varying from about 500 V to 3000 V in different cases. The crystalline nature of the films was investi-* G.P. T., Proc. R. S.128, 649 (1930); 133, I (1931).

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We have developed a new technique for generating homogeneously distributed irregular dot patterns useful for optical devices and digital halftoning technologies. To introduce irregularity, we use elaborately designed sequences called low-discrepancy sequences instead of pseudorandom numbers. We also use a molecular-dynamics redistribution method to improve the distribution of dots. Our method can produce arbitrary density distributions in accordance with a given design. The generated patterns are free from visible roughness as well as any moiré patterns when superimposed on other regular patterns. We demonstrate that our method effectively improves luminance uniformity and eliminates moiré patterns when used for a backlight unit of a liquid-crystal display.

We have prototyped a 13.3‐inch diagonal color filterless LCD illuminated with LEDs. A new color directional backlight combined with a microlens attached liquid crystal cell plate shows the feasibility of a new power efficient LCD with better color and lead‐free features.

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