Acidic cesium salts of the Keggin-type heteropolyacids, Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 and Cs2.5H1.5SiW12O40, retained their strong acidity in water-containing organic media, and worked as insoluble, efficient acid catalysts in the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate and the estenfication of acetic acid with ethanol. Silica-bound Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40, a newly prepared composite, was an active and easily recoverable solid acid catalyst for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate with excess water.

In Japan, sports efforts are actively being carried out to host the 2020 Olympic Games. Especially in the field of sports science, researches on ergonomics, development of sports equipment and pattern recognition technology using artificial intelligence are actively researched. The budget of Japanese sports in 2016 is 32.4 billion yen, and considering that the budget for 10 years ago was 19 billion yen, it is a doubling momentum.

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