L'étude porte sur des sédiments provenant de la mer Manche et plus précisément des ports de Dieppe, de Fécamp et du Havre. Les trois sédiments ont été mélangés pour ne faire qu'un seul matériau à valoriser. Plusieurs formulations à base de liants pouzzolaniques ont été testées. Des essais mécaniques de résistance à la compression simple ont été effectués pour en situer les performances. Par ailleurs, chacune des formulations doit aussi respecter à la fois des critères économiques et écologiques. Une fois validées, ces formulations permettent d'aboutir à la stabilisation renforcée des sols de surface pour la réalisation de voies vertes, de vélo-routes ou d'allées naturelles. Ces liants, développés à partir de la combustion de sous-produits industriels, sont à la base de plusieurs procédés, comme les procédés ECOVOIE ® et ACTiV.SOL ® , permettant l'utilisation des sédiments comme matériaux nobles.
The way flipped classrooms are perceived and even practised by teachers is sometimes approximative. For example, while the Covid-19 pandemic has pushed many universities to adopt distance learning, flipped classrooms have often been mentioned as a solution in that context. This inducement maintains a confusion between flipped classrooms and distance learning that might be detrimental for both students and teachers. Moreover, embarking on a new pedagogical practice such as flipped classroom could be intimidating and time-consuming. For these reasons, this article aims to share some tips for implementing a flipped classroom, with examples from biology and biochemistry. Based on our own experiences but also on the current scientific literature, we propose to structure the advises around three phases: Preparation, Implementation, and Follow-up. In the preparation phase it is advised to not only plan to invert time but also say it, as well as to identify (or create) resources for learning in autonomy. In the Implementation phase it is suggested to i) Be explicit in the acquisition of knowledge, and foster students' autonomy; ii) Explore active learning in class; iii) Develop skills of cooperation and sharing; and iv) Differentiate. In the follow-up phase it is proposed to i) Evaluate; ii) Take care of the logistics and your posture; iii) Document your flipped classroom and iv) Share.
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