No abstract

The regulation of energy metabolism, such as calorie restriction (CR), is a major determinant of cellular longevity. Although augmented gluconeogenesis is known to occur in aged yeast cells, the role of enhanced gluconeogenesis in aged cells remains undefined. Here, we show that age-enhanced gluconeogenesis is suppressed by the deletion of the tdh2 gene, which encodes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a protein that is involved in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in yeast cells. The deletion of TDH2 restores the chronological lifespan of cells with deletions of both the HST3 and HST4 genes, which encode yeast sirtuins, and represses the activation of gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, the tdh2 gene deletion can extend the replicative lifespan in a CR pathway-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that the repression of enhanced gluconeogenesis effectively extends the cellular lifespan.

In Ferritin (einem α‐Helix‐reichen, rhombischen, dodekaedrischen Protein) hergestellte CdS‐Quantenpunkte (CdS‐QDs) zeigen linkshändige circular polarisierte Lumineszenz (CPL) aus einem direkten Übergang und aus Oberflächenstörstellen, die relativ große Anisotropiefaktoren aufweisen. Bei Laser‐Photoätzen findet man mit abnehmender QD‐Größe eine Blauverschiebung der PL/CPL‐Banden von Oberflächenstörstellen, und die Bande des direkten Übergangs verschwindet.

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles (NPs) were first synthesized in the cavity of recombinant cage-shaped protein from marine pennate diatoms. Our constructed recombinant apoferritin (FerA-dCys) from the diatoms revealed that the removal of cysteine residues on the surface of the recombinant apoferritin enhanced the CdSe NPs synthesis in the apoferritin cavity. The CdSe NPs were synthesized in the FerA-dCys with a very low concentration of cadmium ions (0.02 mM). The core formation ratio of CdSe NPs showed more than 20%. The average diameter of synthesized CdSe NPs was 7 nm with a small size distribution. The synthesized NPs were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and it was

The lipid nanotube (LNT) encapsulating method is a rational sample fixation method that can be used to mount samples for transmission electron microscopy analyses. By employing the LNT encapsulating method in 30 kV low-voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy (LV-STEM), it is possible to record multiangle images of ferritin without using the negative staining method. We have also recorded a tilted series of high-contrast LV-STEM images and reconstructed three-dimensional images. These results show that LNTs have sufficient durability for LV electron beam, and indicate the potential of the LNT encapsulating method as a sample fixation method of LV electron microscopy. #