Water is a finite resource. Its safety and cleanliness are highly important to meet current and future human needs. Compared to other resources, water represents a main factor to achieve development in several areas and leads to economic progress of a nation. However, in recent years, the excessive demographic and industrial growth has exacerbated water contamination. In this study, the biodepuration process of domestic sewage (DS), textile effluents (TE) and acid mine drainage (AMD) is conducted using starch-based xerogel from potato (Solanum tuberosum) peels. Results showed that the treatment is effective to achieve the reduction of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand. The most important result was the achievement of heavy metals removal for the three components. Firstly, there was a reduction of barium, zinc, and cadmium (91, 60 and 46%, respectively) for raw AMD.Secondly, there was a reduction in the levels of zinc, aluminum, and barium (89, 86 and 64%, respectively) for TE biodepuration. Finally, results showed a reduction in zinc, iron and cadmium levels (81, 78 and 57%, respectively) for DS biodepuration.

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Corn (Zea Mays) is the most cultivated cereal in the world and this is a staple food for human beings that is why in recent years they are looking for alternatives to improve their production. On the other hand, whey is a residual effluent from the dairy industry generally eliminated in sewage, however, due to its high organic load it can be used to produce different biofertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the production of the corn crop when applying a biofertilizer obtained by anaerobic fermentation of whey and bovine manure. The study was conducted between October 2018 and February 2019, in the experimental area of the Calaspam association, located in Majes, Arequipa-Peru. A complete randomized block experimental design was used in a 2×4 factorial scheme composed by three biofertilizer treatments (6.9 and 12 LBF/water) and a control treatment with three replicates applied with an average flow rate of 1.5 Lha-1. Morphological, post-harvest and economic indicators were determined, as well as the chlorophyll content. Results indicate that biofertilizer treatments improved the indicators studied. The third treatment shows higher values in all the indicators compared to the other treatments, being the values of yield (79,29±7,33 103 kgha-1) and marginal return rate (85,73%) the most outstanding. It is concluded that the biofertilizer obtained from bovine manure and whey has a positive effect on corn production and its application is economically viable.

La industria vitivinícola produce gran cantidad de residuos cada año, residuos que por lo general no son manejados adecuadamente y se convierten por ello en un riesgo ambiental y sanitario. De otra parte, la producción de energía limpia, como el biogás a partir de estiércol vacuno, se ha convertido en un recurso energético importante. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el biocarbón obtenido por torrefacción de residuos agrícolas de uva en la producción y calidad de biogás producido por digestión anaerobia de estiércol vacuno. El estudio se realizó en el área experimental del fundo La Católica, ubicado en Majes, Arequipa, Perú. Se empleó un diseño factorial múltiple compuesto por nueve tratamientos para producir biocarbón, en el cual los parámetros operativos fueron la temperatura y el tiempo de torrefacción; y parámetros de respuesta fueron el rendimiento másico de residuos de uva, rendimiento y calidad del biogás. Los resultados indican que la temperatura y el tiempo de torrefacción influyen significativamente en la producción de biocarbón, y los valores ideales son 40 min y 263.00°C. Además, el biocarbón reduce eficientemente el contenido de CO2 y H2S hasta 22% y 0.78 ppm respectivamente, del biogás. No obstante, no se observó ningún impacto en los rendimientos de biogás y metano. El aprovechamiento de residuos para producir biocarbón y mejorar la calidad del biogás puede ser replicado en cualquier lugar donde se desarrolle la industria vitivinícola.