This paper examines the impact of telecommunications on international trade contracts and the associated telecommunications regulatory issues that inhibits optimal utility. It also examines matters arising out of global telecommunications trade, and advanced recommendations for optimal utility of telecommunications in international trade contract. In doing this, the paper x-ray the import of telecommunications in international trade contract, some conventions and laws in relation to international trade, basic principles and contents of international trade contracts in telecommunications, matters arising and the future of telecommunication contracts.

Since independence, the Nigerian electoral process has been plagued with spiralling anomalies, including worsening violence, intimidation, death and fraud. This has jeopardized Nigeria's socio-economic, political and national security and eroded confidence in the democratic process as well as increased election season security concerns. For elections to be credible, the competition must be fair, which requires impartial process management. So, despite the recently revised Electoral Act and other related laws that could help Nigeria realize its potential for credible elections. This work argues that the legal framework still has several components that must be studied or introduced to improve electoral processes. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach and empirical juridical. The results of this study propose that Article 225 of the Constitution be amended to eliminate the requirement for cash given to political parties from outside Nigeria to be transferred to INEC; otherwise, the donation must be notified to INEC and made public. The constitution should be modified to establish an Election Offenses Commission or Court to try and punish individuals (INEC officers, candidates and voters) who violate articles 114–128 of the new law. Section 29(5) of the Elections Act should be amended to allow the Federal Capital Territory and the High Court of Abuja State to hear and resolve pre-election disputes. In addition, instead of focusing on technical matters, the trial for the regional election application should focus more on the substance of the application and the facts of the case.

One of the consequences of the Second World War was the formation of the United Nations (UN) in 1945. The horrendous crimes committed in that war, including sexual violence against women and girls, necessitated the elevation of issues of human rights to the top of the UN agenda. The UN over the years evolved various mechanisms to end sexual violence against women during armed conflict. These measures have achieved minimal results. The problem is even worse as sexual violence is now employed as a tactic of war, while the UN appears unable to help the victims. This article examines UN measures to end wartime sexual assault on women, among them, adoption of resolutions, advocacy, the imposition of sanctions and prosecution of offenders. There are also challenges such as the non-binding character of its resolutions, lack of intervention force, the absence of data and paralysis in the Security Council. The work finds that the UN has not done enough to protect women in conflict zones, and recommends the training of peacekeepers on gender issues, prosecution of offenders and inclusion of women in peace-building.

The issuance of license to Jaiz bank plc as the first full-flesh Islamic bank in Nigeria to carry on Noninterest banking has generated heated debate among scholars, jurist, religious leaders and public commentators in Nigeria. Chiefly among these debate borders on the constitutionality of Non-interest (Islamic) banking in Nigeria; whether or not Islamic banking is established with the aim of Islamizing the entire Nigeria and whether or not it is meant to discriminate against Non-Muslims in Nigeria. Consequently, this work seek to appraise the legal conundrum or constitutionality of Islamic banking in Nigeria with a view to ascertaining whether or not Islamic banking is meant to Islamize Nigeria or it is meant to discriminate against non-Muslims.However the outcome of this research article shows that Islamic (Non-interest) banking is constitutional and is not meant to discriminate against Non-Muslims or Islamize Non-Muslims. Rather with the practice of dual banking (interest and non interest banking) in Nigeria, Nigerians would have the advantage of having different credit choices, the Nigerian banking sector would be more competitive thus enhance quality services, creation of more employment opportunities and would give the Nigerian government the opportunity to secure non-interest loan from Islamic development fund available globally to finance infrastructural projects. This work further concludes that the major challenge this banking system is facing in Nigeria is lack of adequate awareness about the operation of the banking system and lack of robust legal framework to adequately regulate the system. It is therefore suggested that a more comprehensive legal framework should be enacted by the Nigerian National Assembly to appropriately regulate the non-interest banking sector as well as creation of more awareness about the operation of the system through the social media, town hall meetings, newspapers and radio commentaries.

The human community has always been characterized by conflict, governed by ethical and legal standards that have evolved with human civilization. This widely accepted standard was eventually defined as contemporary International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This study aims to analyze from two legal perspectives: Islamic and international humanitarian law. The method used in this research is comparative, including qualitative analysis. The results of this study suggest that regulation has developed mainly due to modern European activities, diminishing the potential contributions of other cultural and ethical traditions to its development and codification. However, it should be noted that the principles jus ad bellum (laws governing the use of force) and jus in Bello (the content of the laws of war) are evident in Islamic literature centuries before modern international law was codified, with little attention paid to them. This paper argues that Islamic humanitarian law, which regulates the treatment of prisoners of war, is comprehensive and comparable to the provisions of the 1949 Geneva Convention. In addition, the concept of Siyar's Islamic literature is very similar to the Geneva Conventions. This research augments international relations by examining the degree of concordance between the requirements of Islamic Humanitarian Law and Modern IHL concerning issues of immediate practical relevance in an era when several regions of the world are experiencing armed conflict.