Uno de los pilares para asegurar la producción apícola, es disponer de información confiable de la flora circundante y de los elementos que esta aporta al colmenar. Con ello, se puede planificar esquemas de manejo que incrementen la productividad. Frente a la necesidad de datos, se realizó el estudio de dos apiarios para contribuir al desarrollo apícola en la región interandina Zona 3, con el propósito de sustentar su gestión. Se priorizó identificar las especies vegetales de importancia melífera, y estimar su abundancia más la duración de la floración. Con la aplicación de los métodos: documental, y de campo, para el reconocimiento taxonómico de plantas melíferas, su cantidad, más el tiempo que persiste en fase de florecimiento de cada especie apícola evaluada, y la sistematización de los datos recopilados. Para el área del apiario A, se reporta 38 especies vegetales pertenecientes a 22 familias botánicas, siendo las más representativas: Asteraceae con 7 especies, y Rosaceae con 5. Por su parte, en el área del colmenar B, se registró 64 especies vegetales, correspondientes a 30 familias botánicas en las que se distingue la familia Fabaceae con 15 especies, y Asteraceae con 6. En abundancia para el apiario domina la especie Raphanus spp., en la subárea de rastrojos con más de 10000 individuos con flores, seguida por Prunus persica con 1000 a 10000 individuos con flores formando parte de la subárea de cultivos frutícolas y en el caso del apiario B, se destaca Raphanus spp con más de 10000 individuos con flores que predominan en la subárea de cultivos, y con menos de 1000 individuos en floridez para el resto de los especímenes. Cuya duración del florecimiento brinda una oferta parcialmente continua de recursos florales entre tres a seis meses, a excepción del área de pastos.
ResumеFrente a la necesidad de indagar sobre la salud forestal de una plantación de Eucalyptus globulus Labill con el propósito de disponer de información complementaria, que oriente la planificación de actividades silvícolas para su conservación y aprovechamiento, es la razón que motivó evaluar la condición de salud de los árboles en pie por rodal. Mediante el muestreo sistemático no alineado a una intensidad del 5-6% ha -1 , en base a la instalación de parcelas circulares, dentro de cada parcela se registró seis rasgos que reflejan el estado de vigorosidad, saludable, enfermedad, debilidad, moribundo y árbol muerto en pie, mismos que indican el nivel de pérdida de hojas en los árboles. La aplicación de tablas de contingencia para el análisis de los residuos corregidos, siendo significativo al 5%, si el valor absoluto es >1,96. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron cinco asociaciones significativas a excepción del rasgo árbol muerto en pie. Finalmente, con la formación de dos conglomerados jerárquicos que agrupa el nivel de salud, la decisión para la gestión del bosque plantado de eucalipto comprende el aprovechamiento de los rodales 2, 5, 6 y 7, más el manejo posterior de los rebrotes resultantes y de carácter conservacionista a los rodales 1, 3 y 4. La decisión se enmarca bajo criterios de manejo sostenible de los recursos forestales en base a los indicadores de salud que presentó el bosque plantado. AbstractFaced with the need to inquire on the forest health of an Eucalyptus globulus Labill plantation with the purpose of providing complementary information, which guides the planning of silvicultural activities for its conservation and use, is the reason that motivated to evaluate the health of the trees standing by stand. Through the systematic sampling not aligned at an intensity of 5-6% ha -1 , based on the installation of circular plots, within each plot, six features were recorded that reflect the state of vigor, health, disease, weakness, dying and standing dead tree, which indicate the level of loss leaves in trees. The application of contingency tables for the analysis of corrected waste, being 5%, so the absolute value is > 1,96. The results obtained showed five significant associations except for the dead tree feature. Finally, with the formation of two hierarchical clusters by grouping the state of forest health of the eucalyptus plantation, reinforces the decision form for the management on the planted forest considering the execution use of 2, 5, 6 and 7 stands, also the subsequent management of the resulting and conservationist sprouts to stands 1, 3 and 4. The decision was taken under the criteria of sustainable management of forest resources, which is based on the productive and health indicators presented by the planted forest. IntroducciónLos bosques plantados se encuentran sujetos a varias alteraciones que pueden ser naturales o antrópicas, en el primer caso sequias, deslizamientos de tierras, insectos dañinos, brotes de enfermedades, fenómenos climáticos; y
There are scarce information concerning the growth and productivity of the trees of the plantation of Pinus radiata D. Don. This is usually found in the forest estate of the Haro-Maderas factory in a condition of soil with sandy loam texture, deep and moderately fast drainage, pH 6.7, fertility between low and high with the specific application of a pruning activity at the age of 5 years, and gradual monitoring every year until 8 years of age. This is considered as part of its management which constitutes a benchmark in the Tahuala sector. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate its forest mass. Circular plots of 8.92m radius were installed at an intensity of 4.33% ha-1 . This, however, is done through a systematic aligned sampling for the collection of dasometric information. The application of statistical estimators showed an altitude of 3145 masl. It reached an average total height of 12.76 m, a DAP of 15.27 cm, the total average tree-1 estimated volume of 0.16 m3 , and its projected value of 303.56 m3 ha-1 . The relationship between the DAPage variables and the average-age total height was high and significant. It has a correlation coefficient equal to 0.99, whose estimation was better with the linear type equation. It was suggested that thinning should be carried out with an intensity of 28.77%. In regards to the remaining trees, it will be very necessary to apply the silvicultural treatment of pruning.
This paper focuses on the current situation of the availability and use of forestry waste generated in sawmills of the Ecuadorian interandina zone 3. It specifically highlights information about different types of waste, its volume, sales price, and final location. Through the stratification of the sample, 38, 25 and 19 surveys were carried out with loggers from the cantons of Riobamba, Ambato, and Latacunga with a level of reliability of 95%. It was stated that the most common waste are sawdust, shavings, and wood scrap. The monthly production average is 2.92, 1.64, and 2.74 tons of waste in the first village. 31.6%, 40%, and 31.6% of sawmills in Riobamba, Ambato and Latacunga sells from 6.1-8, 4.1-6, and 8.1-10 dollars per ton respectively. There was highly significant differences in the sale prices (p<0, 0001) of the by product in the sawmills of the three villages. The evidence in Ambato is different and in contrast with sawmills in Riobamba and Latacunga which shows a similar behavior in selling forestry waste periodically in the stages of primary and secondary transformation. This, therefore, is in a bid to take advantage of the opportunities for the development of new enterprises.
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