Background/Aim Professional reasoning in occupational therapy is the process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. The professional's ability to manage the process of the intervention is structured around it, thereby influencing the effectiveness of the work carried out. The objectives of this research were to identify and describe (a) the historical development of this area of research from 1982 to 2017 and (b) the nature and volume of the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy and the evidence that exists today. Methods A scoping review method was used to carry out an historical mapping of research on professional reasoning and to summarise the lines of research explored to date. The review was conducted in five stages following the PRISMA guidelines. After applying the selection criteria, the search identified 303 references. Results The results are presented under three headings: (a) nature and volume of publications on professional reasoning in occupational therapy according to number and year of publications, journal, country, author, and line of research; (b) historical trends in the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy since 1982; and (c) methodological aspects of the research. Each of them is discussed through statistical analysis. Conclusions The research about professional reasoning in occupational therapy is a field of empirical nature, in which qualitative studies predominate. Principal lines of research are focused on specific fields of practice, undergraduates, and theoretical aspects of professional reasoning. There were identified three historical phases with common features in terms of objectives and research methods.

Substance abuse is a major and prevalent public health concern among university students. Tobacco smoking, risky alcohol behavior, and illegal drug consumption may lead to health problems and behavioral and academic issues. Several individual and environmental factors associate with substance abuse in this population, and the mediating effect of alcohol abuse in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug consumption is yet to be explored. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association of individual and environmental factors and substance use, and to analyze the relationship between tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug consumption, considering alcohol abuse as a possible mediator. A total of 550 Spanish undergraduate and postgraduate students completed several questionnaires regarding their smoking status, alcohol use, and drug consumption during the last six months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between factors. Direct, indirect and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that substance abuse is associated with being male, living with other students, and combined substance consumption. PLS-SEM showed a significant effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse on drug consumption. Alcohol abuse plays a mediating role in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug use.

Background/Aim. One way to facilitate occupational therapy undergraduate students transferring their academic skills of data gathering and analysis to professional settings is to ensure they can competently use diagnostic reasoning. Nevertheless, there are several obvious gaps in empirical evidence related to the learning and development of this style of reasoning in occupational therapy undergraduates. The most important are related to promoting higher-order thinking and the use of information to solve problems in the context of professional practice. This study analyses undergraduates’ diagnostic reasoning and its changes during their education. Materials and Methods. This multicentre study was conducted with a descriptive observational design. The study took place at the University of Coruña (Spain), University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), and University of el Valle (Colombia). The sample was n=247. For data collection, a clinical case was specifically designed. IBM SPSS Statistics (v19) and EPIDAT 3.1 were used for the data analysis. Results. Participants identified and categorized occupational performance problems. However, they had difficulties when identifying and categorizing the occupational performance components (specifically, the symptoms and signs of the disease presented in the study case). They presented limitations to analyse and synthesize the information collected to develop an explanation of the occupational problems and their causes. Conclusions. Undergraduate students’ ability to analyse and synthesize information during data collection is poorly organized, so it makes the problem formulation difficult. This study contributes to the knowledge of undergraduates’ diagnostic reasoning features, specifically the undergraduate students’ capacities and limits to process information during the occupational assessment.

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Resumen Con el presente artículo intentamos conocer las revistas actuales de terapia ocupacional, así como la visibilidad y calidad de las mismas. La selección de la muestra se realizó a partir de la base de datos ULRICH y los catálogos Latindex y C17. La búsqueda se completó con un rastreo en la red. Los criterios de inclusión fueron revistas científicas revisadas por pares y activas en el momento de la consulta. Del listado final se analizaron las siguientes variables: visibilidad (se tuvo en cuenta el idioma de publicación y presencia en bases de datos internacionales -ERIC, Psychinfo, Medline, Scopus, OTDBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science), accesibilidad (suscripción, gratuidad y Open Access,) e indicadores de calidad (editorial responsable y factor de impacto). 43 revistas cumplieron los criterios. Respecto a la visiblidad el 69,8% estaban indexadas en al menos una base de datos, siendo la de mayor representatividad, la base de datos propia de la disciplina, seguidas de las de ciencias de la salud, multidisciplinares y en menor medida las de ciencias sociales. El 25,6% están incorporadas al movimiento Open Access y el 18,6% son Free Access. Respecto al prestigio, un 20,9% incorporadas a JCR y un 41,9% a SJR. Tras analizar cinco criterios de calidad, únicamente Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy y Occupational Therapy International los cumplen. Este estudio muestra la realidad de las revistas específicas de la especialidad, así como sus fortalezas y debilidades. Es esperado que conocer esta realidad permitirá mejorar las tasas de producción de conocimiento en terapia ocupacional.