Artículo de publicación ISIA high proportion of plant species is predicted to be threatened with extinction in the near future. However, the threat status of only a small number has been evaluated compared with key animal groups, rendering the magnitude and nature of the risks plants face unclear. Here we report the results of a global species assessment for the largest plant taxon evaluated to date under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, the iconic Cactaceae (cacti). We show that cacti are among the most threatened taxonomic groups assessed to date, with 31% of the 1,478 evaluated species threatened, demonstrating the high anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity in arid lands. The distribution of threatened species and the predominant threatening processes and drivers are different to those described for other taxa. The most significant threat processes comprise land conversion to agriculture and aquaculture, collection as biological resources, and residential and commercial development. The dominant drivers of extinction risk are the unscrupulous collection of live plants and seeds for horticultural trade and private ornamental collections, smallholder livestock ranching and smallholder annual agriculture. Our findings demonstrate that global species assessments are readily achievable for major groups of plants with relatively moderate resources, and highlight different conservation priorities and actions to those derived from species assessments of key animal groupsConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia 000000000011820

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Background: Explored botanically from the 19th century, the Sierra de Chiconquiaco is recognized for its large vegetal and topographical heterogeneity. However, the available floristic information is sparse and its geographic characteristics remain undefined. The objective of this study was therefore to integrate floristic, vegetal and geographic information in order to identify areas that have experienced floristic exploration as well as potential sites for conservation. Question: Under which criteria can the Sierra be geographically delimited? What kind of floristic and vegetational studies have been carried out? How many species of plants have been registered? Which sites have been more widely explored? Which of them have conservation and research potentials? Study site and years of study: Sierra de Chiconquiaco, Veracruz, Mexico, 2010-2014. Methods: A bibliographical and records review of the XAL and MEXU herbariums, works and field survey were carried out. Through analysis of geomorphological attributes in a geographic information system, the boundaries of the Sierra were established, revealing an area of 3,632 km 2 , featuring 22 municipalities and an altitudinal range of 50 to 3,000 m a.s.l. Results: Seven vegetation types were described, as well as a floristic list of 3,016 species, including 72 type localities, 36 endemics, 57 registered in the NOM-059, 2010 and 195 in the CITES. Conclusions: Nine potential areas for conservation of flora were detected, as well as six that were scarcely documented in the herbaria. This study provides a relevant contribution to the knowledge, use and conservation of the vegetal resources of Mexico. Key words: floristic inventory, vegetational, botanic collections, geographic delineation, conservation zones. Florística, vegetación y características geográficas de la Sierra de Chiconquiaco, Veracruz, México ResumenAntecedentes: Explorada botánicamente desde el siglo XIX, la Sierra de Chiconquiaco destaca por su amplia heterogeneidad vegetal y topográfica. Sin embargo, la información florística disponible era dispersa y sus características geográficas indefinidas. Por este motivo, el objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo una síntesis geográfica, florística y de vegetación, con el fin de identificar áreas exploradas florísticamente y sitios con potencial para la conservación. Preguntas: ¿Bajo qué criterios se delimita geográficamente a la Sierra? ¿Qué estudios florísticos y de vegetación se han llevado cabo? ¿Cuántas especies de plantas se registran? ¿Cuáles sitios son más explorados? Sitio de estudio y fechas: Sierra de Chiconquiaco, Veracruz, Mexico, 2010-2014. Métodos: Registros de los herbarios XAL y MEXU, trabajos de campo. Mediante el análisis de atributos geomorfológicos en un sistema de información geográfica, se establecieron los límites de la Sierra, que abarca una extensión de 3,632 km 2 , 22 municipios y un intervalo altitudinal de 50 a 3,000 m s.n.m. Resultados: Siete tipos de vegetación, una lista florística de 3,016 especies, que incluye 72 locali...

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