Quantum mechanics in noncommutative space modifies the standard result of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for electrons and other recent quantum effects. Here we obtain the phase in noncommutative space for the Spavieri effect, a generalization of Aharonov-bohm effect which involving a coherent superposition of particles with opposite charges moving along single open interferometric path. By means of the experimental considerations a limit √ θ ≃ (0, 13T eV) −1 is achieved, improving by 10 orders of magnitude the derived by Chaichian et. al. for the Aharonov-Bohm effect. It is also shown that the noncommutative phases of the Aharonov-Casher and He-McKellar-Willkens effects are nullified in the current experimental tests.
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la adición de plástico como componente parcial del agregado grueso en el concreto, para el diseño de bloques ecológicos, estableciendo una ecuación lineal que estima la resistencia del bloque a la compresión, variando los volúmenes de cemento, arena, grava y plástico. Para el diseño de los bloques se consideró el volumen en tres proporciones (cemento/agregado fino/agregado grueso), de esta forma se realizaron cuatro tipos de proporciones de mezclas (1/1/1; 1/1,25/2,5; 1/1,5/3 y 1/2/4). El agregado grueso de piedra como componente parcial, fue reemplazado por plástico de tipo polietileno de alta densidad (PEAD) en escamas, en proporciones de 0; 25 y 50% de sustitución pétreo grueso. La resistencia a la compresión - peso unitario del concreto, se midió después de 30 días de curado. La metodología de investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo experimental. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante un análisis de regresión polinomica lineal en los parámetros, aplicando el paquete estadístico SPSS 25, y su precisión fue juzgada por parámetros nacionales e internacionales, INEN Ecuador 0858 y ASTM C39. Los resultados revelaron que las adiciones de 25 y 50% de plástico como agregado grueso, reducen el peso unitario del concreto hasta 9,7 y 12,02%, respectivamente. Pero en tal caso, la reducción de la resistencia a la compresión fue de hasta el 29,17 y 48,5%, respectivamente, para su mejor efectividad, disminuyendo solo el peso unitario de las piezas.
This study aimed to investigate the associations between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the confirmed cases, new cases and deaths by Covid-19 in Quito-Ecuador. Covid-19 data were extracted from Ecuador's National Risk Management Service, while the average daily values of and were obtained from the data reported by the Quito Environment Secretariat. The analysis of the data was performed using Kendall and Spearman's ranks correlation tests since the data did not present a normal distribution. A strong significant correlation was found between and confirmed cases and deaths, while between and confirmed cases, new cases and deaths, the correlation was weak, in both Kendall and Spearman tests. These results are consistent with the growing trends of due to ash emissions from Sangay and Reventador volcanoes, which are a natural source of PM. As a result, this study supports the possibility that the could act as a vehicle in the transmission of Covid-19. Our results will help the World Health Organization and the National Risk and Emergency Management Service in Ecuador take effective action to combat Covid-19. Index Terms— Covid-19, Particulate matter pollution, Ecuador, Volcanic Ash, Quito, Coronavirus.
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