A ground roof is a sustainable element in which using a certain thickness of ground can reach the desired thermal and climatic comfort. On the northwestern border of Mexico, with an emphasis on desert areas, there is a need to compose solutions that measure the heat gain problems caused by climatic conditions. The heat gain is caused mainly by solar rays that occur in summer; the ground roof creates an insulating layer which helps to reduce the flow of heat, which in turn with the volume of ground helps maintain and lower stable temperatures. To evaluate the thermal performance of a ground roof, with the weather conditions of the metropolitan area of Mexicali, the simulation will be carried out. The ground roof are analyzed with different ground thicknesses and measurement periods are established, according to the specifications in standards ASTMC-1046-95, ASTMC1155-95. The thicknesses were simulated with the Ener-Habitat program. In the results it has been obtained that in a concrete cover the temperatures will be higher in contrast to the temperature of the environment and that of the ground roof.

This research focuses on the analysis of the thermal comfort behavior for the social interest housing, caused by the lack of adaptations to the predominant Mediterranean climate (warm-dry) of San Pedro Valley, Tijuana B.C. located at latitude 32°29'47"N and longitude 116°58'26"W, these conditions occur in the cold period during December, January and February, when minimum temperatures are between 3.5°C and 4.4°C. The Design Builder simulation was carried out by validating results against continuous measured data of the dwelling during the aforementioned periods, analyzing the internal temperature of the dwelling. The simulated coating material was polystyrene, which due to its thermal conductivity characteristics, allows to reduce thermal discomfort in to the social interest housing, contributing to the comfort improvement of the living space, showing it by results of the simulation tool. In this way the polystyrene coating alternative for the housing envelope, is a solution that allows to increase the hours of comfort within the space by bringing the indoor temperature closer to the comfort zone established for the local conditions during the cold period.

About 2022, studies on environmental conditions inside classrooms have increased because they are related to well-being, performance, and student productivity in terms of concentration, attention, and learning during school hours. Assessing the conditions of the educational space once inhabited can be fundamental to identifying environmental adjustments that could improve achievement in learning through design strategies in school facilities in the locality. The evaluation of the thermal and luminic conditions of three classrooms designed to function with natural ventilation, in two buildings of the Universidad Autónoma of Baja California, in Tijuana, Mexico, during the cold-warm transition period is presented. Physical measurements of environmental indicators were made, including temperature, relative humidity, and daylight. A total of 181 students completed the environmental survey questionnaires. This study aimed to evaluate the interior environmental space conditions and determine the influence on occupants' comfort. Results showed that more than 50% of the students were in a thermal discomfort situation when the temperature was out of the range of 19.7°C -27.7° C, consistent with the application of the ASHRAE Adaptative Comfort Zones. Daylight values were below the minimum required of 300 Lux for educational classroom specificity in [1, 2] of the three classrooms. Building's orientations, West and South registered illuminance values that could produce glare and increase thermal discomfort due to high solar radiation. The results confirmed the close relationship between environmental conditions and students' comfort in classrooms.

About 2022, studies on environmental conditions inside classrooms have increased because they are related to well-being, performance, and student productivity in terms of concentration, attention, and learning during school hours. Assessing the conditions of the educational space once inhabited can be fundamental to identifying environmental adjustments that could improve achievement in learning through design strategies in school facilities in the locality. The evaluation of the thermal and luminic conditions of three classrooms designed to function with natural ventilation, in two buildings of the Universidad Autónoma of Baja California, in Tijuana, Mexico, during the cold-warm transition period is presented. Physical measurements of environmental indicators were made, including temperature, relative humidity, and daylight. A total of 181 students completed the environmental survey questionnaires. This study aimed to evaluate the interior environmental space conditions and determine the influence on occupants' comfort. Results showed that more than 50% of the students were in a thermal discomfort situation when the temperature was out of the range of 19.7°C -27.7° C, consistent with the application of the ASHRAE Adaptative Comfort Zones. Daylight values were below the minimum required of 300 Lux for educational classroom specificity in [1, 2] of the three classrooms. Building's orientations, West and South registered illuminance values that could produce glare and increase thermal discomfort due to high solar radiation. The results confirmed the close relationship between environmental conditions and students' comfort in classrooms.

El tipo de condiciones meteorologías que se presentan en un espacio exterior, provocan un tipo de uso del espacio, así como la permanencia del usuario en el mismo, por la sensación de confort provocada por las condiciones climáticas, esto a diferencia de los espacios interiores donde se puede controlar sistemas de enfriamiento o calefacción, lo cual protege al usuario de las condiciones climatológicas. Para la evaluación del confort en espacios exteriores de la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California, se seleccionó un caso de estudio, en el cual se llevó a cabo la evaluación de sensación térmica percibida, por medio de levantamiento de encuestas de percepción, donde se utilizaron criterios de vestimenta, genero, actividad, edad, permanencia, uso adecuado del sitio, al mismo tiempo que se realizaba la encuesta se tomaba la temperatura de bulbo seco, humedad relativa, el peso y la altura del usuario, se recopilo la información de sensación térmica basado en la norma ISO 7730-2005. Se realizó el análisis de los datos estadísticos, y se pudo observar cual es la temperatura de confort, con la cual se podrán diseñar espacios apropiados y adecuaciones a espacios existentes ya en uso, con lo que se aprovecharán los espacios exteriores durante las temperaturas críticas.