The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of the machined surface of wood of Peruvian Amazonian species under industrial processing conditions. For this, planks of capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum), cachimbo (Cariniana domestica) and copaíba (Copaifera paupera) were obtained from which four specimens of each species were removed and selected. The specimens were previously conditioned and subsequently submitted to planing and sanding operations, considering three cutting orientations (tangential, radial and intermediate). Then, the quality of the flattened and sanded surfaces of the studied species was evaluated by measuring the surface roughness (Ra) by means of a digital needle detection roughness meter. The results indicated significant differences in wood surface quality among the species in the three evaluated cutting planes, and the capirona radial plane had better planing and sanding quality. Concomitantly, due to the operations performed, the capirona wood allowed a greater possibility for better finishing, followed by cachimbo and copaíba wood, thus being grouped in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd surface quality classes, respectively.

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Los aserraderos de cinta en el Perú operan con limitado dominio de los parámetros de corte para cada dureza de madera. Por esta razón, se plantea el análisis de los parámetros de aserrado con el perfil de diente NU en 12 trozas de capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth) Hooker f. ex Schuman). Se obtuvieron en promedio una velocidad de avance de 10,6 m/min, una velocidad de corte de 1494 m/min y una altura de corte de 43,4 cm; destacando la primera por su variabilidad y correlación lineal con la altura de corte. Además se encontró que las alturas de corte agrupadas, sólo influyen en forma significativa sobre la velocidad de avance.Palabras clave: Calycophyllum spruceanum; velocidad de avance; velocidad de corte; altura de corte; perfil de diente.

ResumenEl presente trabajo trata sobre la determinación de cargas admisibles para uniones con clavos de caña lisa y helicoidal, sometidas a simple y doble cizallamiento en madera de Ceiba samauma (huimba), Matisia bicolor (machin zapote) y Matisia cordata (zapote); observándose una ventajosa diferencia por el uso del clavo de caña helicoidal. Los ensayos y cálculos respectivos se efectuaron de acuerdo a las consideraciones de la Norma ASTM D-1761-74 y la Sección de Construcciones Forestales del Departamento de Industrias Forestales. Asimismo se discute el comportamiento de las uniones estudiadas, analizando sus cargas máximas a través del experimento factorial 3A2B2C, bajo un diseño completamente randomizado.Palabras clave: uniones clavadas; cizallamiento; Bombacaceae; clavo caña lisa; clavo helicoidal. AbstractThe present work is about the determination of the allowable loads for joints of plainshank and helically nails that were evaluated in simple and double shearing for woods Ceiba samauma (huimba), Matisia bicolor (machin zapote) and Matisia cordata (zapote); the results indicated that the best perfomance was the helically nail. The study and calculations were made in accord with the considerations of the ASTM D-1761-74 Norm and the Forestry Construction Section of Forestry Industry Departament. Moreover, the joints behaviour are discussed, making an analysis of their maximum loads by the factorial experiment 3A2B2C in a completely random design.