Semi-arid soils cover a significant area ofEarth's land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects ofbiochar additions on e0 2 emissions fram semi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential ofbiochar as aclimate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the e0 2 that evolved fram semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar at rates of Oand 20 t ha-1 in a full factorial combination with three different fertilizers (mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, and sewage sludgel applied at four rates (equivalent to O, 75, 150, and 225 kg potentially available N ha-1 1during 182 days of aerabic incubation. A double exponential mode!, which describes cumulative e0 2 emissions fram two active soil e compartments with different turnover rates (one relatively stable and the other more labile l, was found to fit very well all the experimental datasets. In genera!, the organic fertilizers increased the size and decomposition rate of the stable and labile soil e pools. In contrast, biochar addition had no effects on any of the double exponential model parameters and did not interact with the effects ascribed to the type and rate of fertilizer. After 182 days of incubation, soil organic and microbial biomass e contents tended to increase with increasing the application rates of organic fertilizer, especially of compost, whereas increasing the rate of mineral fertilizer tended to suppress microbial biomass. Biochar was found to increase both organic and inorganic e contents in soil and not to interact with the effects oftype and rate of fertilizer on efractions. As a whole, our results suggest that the use of biochar as enhancer of semi-arid soils, either alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers, is unlikely to increase abiotic and biotic soil e0 2 emissions.

The evolution of communications networks to Next Generation Networks (NGN) has encouraged the development of new services. Nowadays, several technologies are being integrated into telecommunications services in order to provide new functionalities, resulting in what are known as converged services. The objective is to adapt the behavior of the services to the necessities of different users, generating customized services. Some of the main technologies involved in their development are those related to the Web. But due to this type of services implies the combination of different technologies, their development is a very complex process that has to be improved to reduce the time and cost required, with the aim of promoting the success of such services. This paper proposes to apply software reuse through the utilization of a component library and presents one focused on ECharts for SIP Servlets (E4SS). It is a framework, based on the SIP Servlet specification, which uses finite state machines for the definition of converged communications services. Also, to promote the use of the library, a methodology is proposed in order to facilitate the integration between the library operations and the software development cycle.