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2,6-xylenol and rearrangement of 4-methylphenyl tertbutyl ether to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol. It is possible to selectively remove p-cresol by low-temperature O-alkylation with isobutylene, and the 98:2 mixture of 2,6-xylenol to p-cresol could be refined to 99.8:02 (w/w). The C-alkylation of 2,6-xylenol took place to a very small extent of about 5%. 2,6-Xylenol of purity higher than 99.8% can be recovered from the xylenol/ether mixture by distillation. The yield of 2,6-xylenol on separation was about 95% as a small amount of 2,6-xylenol was C-alkylated during the process. This method is expected to have wider utility.

We critically review and discuss the main glass-sintering models: Frenkel, Mackenzie-Shuttleworth, Scherer and the recently developed Clusters model, and focus on the problem of sintering with concurrent crystallization. The Clusters model is tested under various practical conditions. Isothermal tests are carried out on a widely polydispersed alumino-borosilicate (ABS) glass having jagged particles, which is stable against devitrification, and on a soda-lime-silica (SLS) glass with a narrow spherical particle distribution, which crystallizes easily. The algorithm for non-isothermal processes is also tested with two distinct systems: the same ABS glass and a narrow-sized cordierite glass, which is devitrification-prone. In addition to physical parameters such as viscosity, surface tension, particle-size distribution, crystal growth rate and number of nucleation sites, microscopic-particle-packing data are introduced into the model and it is demonstrated that the evolution of both density and pore size distribution can be reasonably predicted. All the results are discussed taking into account the assumptions made in the derivations and other complicating factors, such as irregular particle shape, compositional shifts due to crystallization, temperature gradients and degassing during sintering. Finally, we discuss the physical and processing parameters that determine whether sintering will be favorable over crystallization. We demonstrate that the Clusters model and related algorithm provide a powerful simulation tool to design the isothermal or non-isothermal densification of devitrifying or stable glass compacts with any particle-size distribution, thus minimizing the number of time-consuming laboratory experiments. To cite this article: M.O.