No abstract

No abstract

The paper proposes a methodology for developing information model or database of waste disposal sites /WDS/ or landfill sites, applying received remotely and in-situ data from Earth surface monitoring, especially including procedures of morphological processing, data normalization and visualization models. The overall structure and composition of the information model, described subsystems, classes, objects, and attributes (properties) of the data, are presented. The possibility of formation of new information relations, that arise between different kinds of information, through morphological (in particular, the morphemic) processing “raw” information at the input, for example, between the classifiers (waste products, settlements, economic activities, etc.), is described. The paper used methods of system analysis, methods of mathematical linguistics, space monitoring methods. For example a structure of constructing the database, the archive and the classifier of unauthorized waste disposal facilities (solid waste landfills, waste piles, municipal landfills, and others) is presented. The scheme of data model describes the components (tables) as part of the model: general information, geometric and geographic parameters of geo-referenced data, including data for adjacent territorial-administrative facilities, etc.

The paper proposes a method of slicing space images into areas of varying sizes to automate the image processing, beginning from the receipt of raw data (download pictures) up to mapping of the underlying surface indices. Indices calculation are based on one image (the surface and the vegetation indices temperature, indices of objects detection on the ground and etc.) and their time series (conducting temporal processing). The downloading of the sources of satellite images algorithm from the sites archives of geodata from the initial data download (the observation area, stage, time period, etc.) is also represented. The procedure of cutting images into segments of varying sizes is described. It allows to use the "contents" of image both in general and for each pixel of the earth's surface to have a whole time series of the spectral brightness coefficients. Examples of time series of geo-referenced source images and the individual indices of the underlying surface are automatically generated by the algorithm method, for specific problems of space debris monitoring (vegetation indices reaction, the degree of soil degradation, detection of indices).

A new technology of monitoring and control of solid waste, based on the reception and processing of the Earth remote sensing data with different spatial resolution and spectral resolution is proposed. The technology is based on the processing of multispectral and hyperspectral images from space in special software products, the identification and analysis of solid waste from small (suburban, road clutter) to large (industrial and urban landfills), depending on the spatial and spectral resolution of the space image. At present, software complexes for processing (deciphering) of space images of solid domestic waste and their adjacent territories have been developed. With the help of these software complexes, it became possible to identify unauthorized landfills, to determine the correctness of operation of existing landfills in accordance with existing regulatory documents, to determine the sequence of liquidation of various landfills, depending on the degree of their negative impact on the environment and human health. The introduction of the proposed technology can provide substantial assistance to various ministries, departments and the public in detecting at an early stage the places of clutter, the so-called pre-landfills, which, if not to take preventive measures, can become real garbage dumps with all the ensuing environmental problems. It is important that schools and universities, for which this work will be attractive both in terms of planning and implementation of research activities, education of young people with an active life position in terms of ecology and environmental protection, be included in the implementation of the "Space Ecological Watch" project. It should be borne in mind that SHW landfills are basically "the reactors" in which various physical-chemical reactions (combustion, oxidation, etc.) are rapidly occurring; besides SWLs are of considerable interest for educational and research processes both in secondary and higher schools. Moreover, many parameters of these physical-chemical reactions in the time-mode, close to the real one, can be controlled by methods of remote sensing of the Earth from space. We propose to organize the International Competition "Space Environmental Watch" with the participation of students and schoolchildren from different countries of the world. This Competition will be based on the technology described above, will have the following nominations: - identification of unauthorized landfills; - landfills Information validity check; - assessment of the impact of solid waste landfills on the environment. According to the results of the competition, a digital map with identified unauthorized garbage dumps and an assessment of their impact on the environment can be made on the Internet.