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Studies of wild boar, Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758, in urban and suburban areas of Budapest, Hungary, have indicated that these populations do not have continuous contact. Based on the assumption that the city has a discrete population, we hypothesized that the urban wild boar would differ genetically from those in suburban areas. Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) Porcine 50 K system (Neogen, Scotland, UK) differentiated three populations: Buda (B) from the Western bank of the Danube; Buda Surrounding (BS); and Valkó (V) from the Eastern bank of the Danube. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST) for the B and BS populations was low. The inbreeding coefficients of the populations BS and V were close to zero, while population B had a high positive value reflecting the influence of founders and the inbreeding of the continuous urban population. The genome regions that were most differentiated between the B and BS populations were analyzed based on the FST values of the SNP markers using a mixed linear multi-locus model and BayeScan software. The most differentiated marker, WU_10.2_18_56278226, was found on chromosome 18. The surrounding region contained several candidate genes that could play important roles in adaptations related to human-induced stress. Two of these, encoding the adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) and inhibin beta A chain precursor (INHBA) genes, were sequenced. While IHBA gene did not display variation, the allele distribution of the ADCY1 gene in the B population was significantly different from that of the BS population supporting the parapatric differentiation of wild boar.

Due to their general occurrence the European badger and the red fox have an important role in most of the ecosystems of the Carpathian basin. Both species use burrows for resting and cub rearing. Based on the previous studies, differences were found in the burrow site selection of these predators. The differences can be seen in case of the vegetation type, the soil texture and the density of primary food sources. This knowledge is important for wildlife managers and nature conservationists, but maybe useful for other sectors (e.g. agriculture, forest management) as well. In the present study, we have taken plant protection approach. Our question was the following: does the chafer larvae density differ in the surrounding of badger and red fox burrows? The study area is located between Gödöllő and Valkó, in the Gödöllő Hills. Its size is 3728 ha and mainly covered by forests (96%). Two methods were used during the study. At first strip transect method was implemented to find the burrows. 81 burrows were found in total, 14 of them were used by badger and 14 by red fox, 53 of them were abandoned. The second method was the chafer larvae density and biomass measurement. Eight samples were taken per each active burrow, it means 224 samples in total. Our results showed higher chafer larvae density and biomass in case of red fox burrows, than in case of badger burrows. We conclude that the soil texture could be in the background of this difference.

A kisemlősök meghatározó szerepet töltenek be a táplálékhálózatokban, valamint jelentős a hatásuk egyes ágazatok (pl. vadgazdálkodás, növénytermesztés) eredményességére. Megítélésükhöz, kezelésükhöz elengedhetetlen, hogy valós ismeretekkel rendelkezzünk állományhelyzetükről. Vizsgálatunk céljaként a kisemlősök, kiemelten az egér-és pocokfajok populációinak felmérését, valamint élőhely-használatának feltérképezését tűztük ki két különböző élőhelyegyüttesben. Mindkét terület a Börzsöny-hegység déli oldalán helyezkedett el. A vizsgálat során alacsony faj-és egyedszámot tapasztaltunk. Egyértelműen domináns fajt kizárólag augusztusban lehetett megnevezni, ami a sárganyakú erdeiegér (Apodemus flavicollis) volt. Kimutatásra került a közönséges erdeiegér (Apodemus sylvaticus) és a mezei pocok (Microtus arvalis) jelenléte is. Az A. flavicollis augusztusi élőhely-használata a két élőhely-együttesben jelentősen különbözött.