Background: Post stoke hemiparesis limit the upper extremity function due to development of spasticity and synergy patterns, therefore rendering the patient impaired in activities of daily living. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has recently been used to reduce spasticity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of TENS on spasticity and upper extremity function following chronic middle cerebral artery stroke (MCA). Study design and setting: interventional study conducted on patients from clinical and hospital setting in Ahmedabad. Methods: A total of 30 patients between the age group of 35-75 years of age. Group A received TENS for 30 minutes in addition to conventional exercise therapy regime where as group B received only exercise therapy regime. The intervention was given for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and Fugl Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE). The data collected was statistically analysed by using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test for within group analysis and Mann Whitney U test for between the group analysis. Results and conclusion: Group A showed a statically (P <0.05) as well as clinically significant improvement in both the outcome measures. There-fore it was concluded that TENS prove to be effective in reducing spasticity and improving upper extremity function in chronic MCA stroke. KEY WORDS: Stroke, Spasticity, TENS, Modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Fugl Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE).

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is most common complaint in women’s medicine. More than 50% of women who have menstrual bleeding have a painful menstruation. Persistence primary dysmenorrhea has direct impact on everyday activity, physical performance and show avoidance response to coping with pain causing fear of movement known as kinesiophobia. Therefore, the objective of study is to find correlation between kinesiophobia and physical activity level. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted on females between age group of 18-24 years from various colleges of Ahmedabad city. Tempa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK) and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was filled by 111 individuals with primary dysmenorrhea and submitted through google form. Ethical clearance has been taken. Result: SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis. There is significant negative correlation found between kinesiophobia and physical activity level (r= -0.278; P= 0.003). Conclusion: - The result of the present study suggests that subjects of primary dysmenorrhea with higher physical activity level have lower kinesiophobia. Key words: Primary Dysmenorrhea, Kinesiophobia, Physical Activity Level.

Background: The world health organization estimates that approximately 15% of the world’s population has a few forms of disability. Rehabilitation has a key role in reducing the level of disability. Application of robotics devices in rehabilitation help to achieve this goal. Robot–mediated neurorehabilitation is a growing and advanced field for treating neurological disease. The effectiveness of robotics therapy is ambiguous. Robotics therapy is a novice treatment in the physiotherapy profession and not that much-studied are executed in the field of robotics. Aims and Objective: To determine the attitude towards the role of robotics in neurorehabilitation among physiotherapists of Ahmedabad. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 128 physiotherapists of Ahmedabad and snowball sampling was used. An online survey becomes executed with a self-reliant questionnaire. The questionnaire contains questions associated with perspectives about the role of robotics in neurorehabilitation. The statistical evaluation became accomplished with Microsoft Excel 2019. Result: Our finding suggests that from the 128 subjects, 95(74%) were agreed robotics play important role in neurorehabilitation, 22(17%) were Neutral, and 11(9%) disagreed. Conclusion: We found that most of the physiotherapists think robotics devices play important role in neurorehabilitation. 17% of physiotherapists are not sure and the rest of the physiotherapists think robotics devices do not play important role in neurorehabilitation. Key words: Neurorehabilitation robot, Qualified Physiotherapists, Ahmedabad.

Background: Diabetes is an incremental danger for the world health. Good knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care will reduce the risk of diabetic foot complication. Aims and Objective: To assess the level knowledge of diabetic foot care among diabetic individuals of Ahmedabad. Method: A cross sectional study was performed among community dwelling diabetic individuals of Ahmedabad. A survey of 250 diabetic individuals was conducted with a self-administrated questionnaire of 15 ‘yes’ or ‘no’ question on foot care knowledge and foot care. Score of 1 was given for each ‘yes’ answer. The level of knowledge was determined based on their answers. A score of >70% was measured as good, 50 to 70% as satisfactory and <50% as poor. Results: 250 diabetic individuals were participated in the study. Among 250 participants,67 had good knowledge regarding diabetic foot care,136 participants had satisfactory knowledge and 47 participants had poor knowledge of diabetic foot care. Conclusion: Majority of the participants had satisfactory knowledge regarding the diabetic foot care. Key words: Knowledge, diabetic foot care, diabetes mellitus.

Background: The novel Corona virus disease highly transmissible disease that has swept the globe. During this pandemic, people were seen to adopt many Covid Appropriate Behaviour. Strengthening a preventive behaviour is the ultimate way to tackle such pandemic. Use of face mask, hand hygiene, maintain physical distance, avoid public gathering are some of the examples of covid appropriate behaviour Aims and Objective: To determine covid appropriate behaviour among community dwelling individual of Ahmedabad after second wave of COVID-19. Method: A community based cross sectional study was carried out within community dwelling individuals of Ahmedabad. A self-made questionnaire containing covid appropriate behaviour guidelines given by government of India filled by participants of Ahmedabad and the questionnaire contained total 11 questions which were rated on 4-point Likert scale. The data was collected from 704 individuals of Ahmedabad. The data examination performed with Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: Among 704 participants 41.42% participants followed the guidelines of covid appropriate behaviour Every time,25.8% participants Often followed the guidelines,13.83% participants Rarely followed the guidelines and 18.92% participants Never followed the guidelines. Conclusion: Majority of the individuals were following the covid appropriate behavior guidelines given by government of India. Key words: Covid Appropriate Behaviour, Second wave, Pandemic, Covid-19.