Authors' note. Data reported in this paper were collected as part of a larger international study comparing the establishment of universal design for students in higher education. This research was funded by an international research grant from the Heiwa Nakajima Foundation (inc). Project leader for the international project was Associate Professor Mika Kataoka, from Kagoshima University. We also acknowledge the work of Munehisa Yoshitoshi PhD. (Okayama University) for his collaboration and recording of the interviews used in this paper. Finally we would like to thank the staff and students who shared their stories for this research.

The purpose of this research was to investigate occupational stress and its related factors among university teachers in Japan. Questionnaire surveys were mailed to 924 university teachers in Japan with a response rate of 43.8%, N = 405. The General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), short Japanese version of brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) and the Work Situation Questionnaires (WSQ) developed by the authors were administered to participants. Results indicated that university teachers had some mental health problems in relation to gender, professional position, conditions of taking paid leave, job satisfaction, job control, social support, and coping skills. These findings provide evidence that in order to improve the mental health of university, teachers need to take their paid leave freely. It is important to keep high their job satisfaction levels, job control levels, and social support. The results also indicated that the ineffective coping styles lead to poor mental health. In addition, the findings identified the necessity for support of female teachers and younger lecturers, who had a greater tendency toward poor mental health.

1 rights of psychiatrically disordered persons and concern over their hospital admission (4). On the basis of policies devised for future mental health and medical welfare, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (5) is attempting to promote the following : enrichment of support for community living, improvement in the quality of mental health, better public education about psychiatric illness, and more focus on transition and settlement in the community for long-term hospitalized patients.Given the above issues, improving the quality of psychiatric treatment for mentally ill persons also requires strengthening the community support system. To do so, psychiatric nurse administrators and managers can potentially play an influential role in providing quality psychiatric services. Toward this end, roles and responsibilities are proposed that nurse administrators and managers should assume to improve care. CURRENT SITUATION AND ISSUES ABOUT PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN JAPANAccording to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (5), the number of psychiatric patients has increased rapidly since 1999, with the increase in outpatients particularly significant. The number of hospitalized, dementia inpatients is also increasing. A breakdown by age reveals that the proportion of elderly over 65 years old is rising, which represents over 40 percent of the total patient population. In addition, the numbers of aging patients with schizophrenia are significant. With regard to the length of hospitalization, patient numbers are increasing both for those hospitalized less than a year (!1 year) and for those hospitalized more than a year but less than five years ("1 -!5 years). Conversely, hospitalizations of more than 10 years are decreasing, especially among patients with schizophrenia. The increases are due to the number of dementia patients with typically protracted hospitalizations. Therefore, it is important to provide supportive services for long-term, schizophrenia patients as they transition from hospital to the community as well as to identify the kinds of hospital treatment necessary for dementia patients.There is no significant change in numbers of chronic inpatients hospitalized for longer than a year. Early hospital discharge must be promoted by providing effective, acute care and the development of new, chronic inpatients must be prevented with expert medical welfare. However, the reality is that emergency psychiatric care varies by prefecture. This creates a psychiatric service system with regional gaps that cause some patients to not receive proper treatment owing to their place of residence. Examples of challenges to improve current psychiatric services include more day care, improved psychiatric home-visit nursing care, and early detection and rapid treatment of mental illness (6-9).Psychiatric care has changed noticeably with the introduction of medical insurance and a welfare system for reducing medical care costs as well as certain innovations, for example, information technology (electronic health record system...

: The purpose of this research was to investigate the gender differences of the influential factors on the mental health condition among university teachers in the A university in Japan. A questionnaire survey was mailed to 924 university teachers in Japan, with a survey return rate of 43.8% % (N=405). The General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Japanese version of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) and the Work Situation Questionnaire (WSQ) developed by the authors were administered to subjects. The GHQ-28 total score and all of sub-score of the woman was significantly higher than men. In the correlated factor of mental health, level of job satisfaction and job control, social support of significant others was observed in the both sexes. However, gender differences was observed in the coping style. Some copings including self-distraction and self-blame were related to the men, but the woman was related to the substance use. University teachers had some gender differences in the factors affecting their mental health condition. In order to improve university teacher's mental health condition, it is necessary to increase their level of job satisfaction and feeling of job control in the workplace. Especially, it was considered women's coping using substance use was important. J. Med. Invest. 62 : 56-61, February, 2015

Deinstitutionalization for people with mental disorders has only begun to be implemented in Japan. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine factors associated with discharge for long-term patients with schizophrenia. Seventy patients were judged capable of discharge with psychiatric rehabilitation (special staff service). As a result of rehabilitation efforts, 37 patients were discharged and 33 patients remained in the hospital. Significant differences were found in age, level of family agreement about patient's disability, and length of the special staff service. These factors might be important to predict patients' potential for discharge.