The original shock index (SI) has been further developed to increase its prognostic value. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of different SI variants on 30-day mortality among severely injured trauma patients in pre-hospital critical care settings. Adult trauma patients in the national Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) registry were evaluated based on the primary outcome of 30-day mortality. SI, SIA (SI multiplied by age), SI/G (SI divided by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)), SIA/G (SI multiplied by age and divided by GCS), and SS (SI divided by oxygen saturation) were calculated based on the first vital signs measured at the time of HEMS contact. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was calculated for each SI variant. In total 4108 patients were included in the study. The overall 30-day mortality was 13.5%. The SIA/G and SI/G had the highest predictive ability (AUROC 0.884 [95% CI 0.869–0.899] and 0.8000 [95% CI 0.7780–0.8239], respectively). The SIA/G yielded good predictive performance between 30-day survivors and non-survivors in the pre-hospital critical care setting.

Background The shock index (SI) and its derivatives have been shown to predict mortality in severely injured patients, both in pre-hospital and in-hospital settings. However, the impact of the time of measurement on the discriminative ability of the pre-hospital SI is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the time of measurement influences the discriminative ability of the SI multiplied by age (SIA) and divided by the Glasgow Coma Score (SIA/G). Methods Registry data were obtained from the national helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) on trauma patients aged ≥ 18 years. The SI values were calculated based on the first measured vitals of the trauma patients by the HEMS unit. The discriminative ability of the SIA/G, with 30-day mortality as the endpoint, was evaluated according to different delay times (0 − 19, 20 − 39 and ≥ 40 min) from the initial incident. Sub-group analyses were performed for trauma patients without a traumatic brain injury (TBI), patients with an isolated TBI and patients with polytrauma, including a TBI. Results In total, 3,497 patients were included in the study. The SIA/G was higher in non-survivors (median 7.8 [interquartile range 4.7–12.3] vs. 2.4 [1.7–3.6], P < 0.001). The overall area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) for the SIA/G was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85–0.89). The AUROC for the SIA/G was similar in the short (0.88, 95% CI: 0.85–0.91), intermediate (0.86, 95% CI: 0.84–0.89) and long (0.86, 95% CI: 0.82–0.89) measurement delay groups. The findings were similar in the three trauma sub-groups. Conclusions The discriminative ability of the SIA/G in predicting 30-day mortality was not significantly affected by the measurement time of the index in the pre-hospital setting. The SIA/G is a simple and reliable tool for assessing the risk of mortality among severely injured patients in the pre-hospital setting.