Natural rubber (NR) is currently sourced from a single species Hevea brasiliensis, which is primarily grown in Southeast Asia and Africa. The Taraxacum kok-saghyz (L.E. Rodin) (TK) plant, which grows in temperate climates and has NR in its roots, has been identified as an additional source for NR in the future. A major challenge to TK becoming a crop is direct seeding. This paper presents research on determining strategies for improving establishment of TK through direct seeding. Field trials were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Ohio on a Wooster silt loam soil (2.4–2.9% OM) using “wild” TK seed. The study evaluated the impacts of different planting dates (April and May), planter types (broadcasting raw seed and drilling pelleted seed), companion crops, and compost mulch strips on plant stands (i.e., visible TK plant/TK seed drop). Results indicated that drilling of pelleted seed to a depth of 0.6 cm into a thin layer (<1.27 cm) of compost mulch after soil temperatures reach 16 °C (mid-May in Northern Ohio) would give the highest stand by the fall harvest season. These studies provide insight into direct seeding of TK and a baseline to use for evaluating future generations of TK.

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Student portfolios are defined as "a purposeful collection of materials capable of communicating student interests, abilities, progress, and accomplishments in a given area." The authors have initiated student portfolios in biological and agricultural engineering, and agricultural construction and systems management courses at the undergraduate and graduate level, and are now extending this assessment method across curricula and universities. The core objectives are to (1) enhance student-centered learning, (2) obtain immediate feedback for continuous quality improvement (CQI) in the courses, (3) address accreditation issues that are of great importance as biological engineering programs prepare for new evaluative strategies set forth by ABET EC 2000, and (4) encourage industrial ties and community service such that graduates of biological engineering curricula will have more opportunities for employment. The authors detail their methodologies and discuss progress with regard to implementing portfolios across curricula and universities, addressing accreditation, and building industrial ties.