The complex technical objects’ durability, operational reliability and safety depend on a complex set of factors. These factors impact result is the objects elements stress-strain state, formed at the construction stage and changed during the operation period under the growing damages influence, changed in the physical and mechanical materials properties, as well as the soil foundation condition.

The article presents the results of development of automated monitoring systems for defects and damages of building structures. The first is the "System for monitoring the state of cracks and joints of buildings and structures," this system allows to automatically control the width of crack opening on construction structures. The system has one or more sensors and a recording device in the form of a personal computer, the receiving radio module of the recording system over the radio channel is connected to each sensor and requests measure-ment results. The following describes the upgrade of the system sensor, the new sensor al-lows to measure humidity and ambient temperature and to build dependencies of crack open-ing width on weather conditions. The next sensor is mesdose to measure the stress in the ground of the base, based on the electrochemical principle of action. Mesdose allows to carry out dynamic tests of soils at the same time technical result is achieved in improvement of device reliability and measurement reliability. The last is the mechanical measurement sen-sor, which is also based on the electrochemical principle of operation. Invention is aimed at solving the problem of improving reliability and reliability of converting dynamic mechani-cal values into an electric signal in a wide range of loads and frequencies.

The article provides an analysis of typical tasks for the survey of railway infrastructure construction facilities. The experience of creating strain gauges for measuring VAT parameters under static and dynamic loads is described. A description of a new innovative mesdose based on an "electrochemical converter" is given. At the end of the article, the tasks and directions of further research are given.

The purpose of this work was to develop a prototype of a soil stress sensor using a new technique for converting mechanical quantities, with functions for measuring stress changes in soils emerging under the action of a dynamic load associated with earthworks using construction machinery, impact of transport, underground explosions and earthquakes. The development is intended to solve problems in increasing the overall efficiency of monitoring buildings and structures and measurement accuracy. Within the framework of the study, the basic requirements for primary converters of mechanical quantities operating underground were formulated. The design solutions of such sensors, which affect the quality of the information received, have been evaluated. As a result of the study, a new effect of “elastic charging of the interfacial layer of a solid metal electrode” for measuring normal stress in soils was explored and proposed eligible for this purpose. Consequently it became possible to apply this new approach to developing the soil stress measurement sensor, including the creation of its functional scheme of operation, and selection of the hardware set, construction elements and materials taking into account the nature of sensor work. Eventually, laboratory experiments obtaining numerical characteristics were carried out.