This article discusses the problems that arise with the widespread digital twin technology introduction for complex engineering objects. Based on the nuclear power experience, various classes of problems are considered. They are related to the different information models and data demand structures and for life-cycle at different stages. As part of the industrial technologies transformation during the Fourth Industrial Revolution, information model & digital twin concepts have fundamental importance. Target effects and actual problems of the technology are analyzed. The enlarged stages of the life cycle, such as design, construction, operation, and decommissioning are considered. The focus of the technology analysis is selected large objects of the Rosatom Corporation. Possible trends in the full life cycle digital twins technology are considered development. The problems of preserving large volumes of structured digital data for long periods at many decades are discussed. The problem of changing the competencies of engineering and management personnel in connection with the digital transformation of the economy and industry during the Fourth Industrial Revolution is considered. It is predicted that it is necessary to increase the costs of implementing digital technologies to achieve the target effects of the digital transformation of the industry and economy.

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The article discusses the complex digital transformation problem for the functioning aqua-biotechnological industrial company. The structure of the information model and digital twin for such objects is identified and described. The results of a comprehensive engineering and economic inspection of the state of the biotechnological, engineering, and economic system from the point of view of digital transformation are described. A conceptual scheme of the enterprise functioning based on the results of digital transformation is presented. The target effects of modernization and reconstruction of the existing biotechnological enterprise based on the end-to-end digital technologies of the fourth industrial revolution are formulated.

The formation of information models and digital twins is a general element of the modern description of complex engineering objects. Their presence is already becoming a requirement of national and international technical regulation and contractual relations. The stage of forming separate digital twins within different stages of the life cycle has been passed and the approach has proven to be effective and in demand. The most striking example is BIM technologies. Now it is important to switch to complex end-to-end information models and digital twins for the full life cycle of complex engineering objects. This innovation becomes a universal tool for the interaction of all stakeholders in high-tech industries. Competence in technologies for working with complex information models and digital twins on the full life cycle of complex engineering objects is already a key competitive factor for high-tech engineering and operating companies in power production. This is a proactive trend in the formation of intellectual energy data space. It will lead to another cycle of improving the efficiency, safety, and economy of the industry and businesses.

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