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Background: In this article we described the influence of transplantation of pregnant rat BMC to pregnant rats of the same date of pregnancy to study the influence on fetus's development. Methods:To study we made a single intravenous transplantation of BMC of pregnant rats of 4-5, 7-8 or 11, 12 days to pregnant rats of the same date of pregnancy. The analyses were made at 18th day of pregnancy. Results:The transplantation of rat BMC at 4, 5 pregnant days increases pre-and post-implantation death of fetuses without change of their weight and weight of placentas. The transplantation of BMC after implantation at 7, 8, 9 days of pregnancy during gastrulation increased the weight of 18th day fetuses and of placentas in comparison with the same parameters of usual normal fetuses. The survival of fetuses was not disturbed. In case of BMC transplantation during placentation at 11, 12 days of pregnancy the weight of fetuses and survival of fetuses was significantly decreased and the weight of placentas was increased. Conclusions:Results of BMC transplantation depends on the stage of rat pregnancy. The increase of the weight of fetuses after BMC transplantation within gastrulation may be explained by positive paracrine effects of allogenic transplanted cells on the size of decidua and in turn on the growth of fetuses and placentas or by transplanted cells itself. The transplantation of BMC at 11, 12 day of pregnancy during placentation decrease the weight of fetuses at 18th day of pregnancy and increase the weight of placentas. The possibility to regulate a weight of fetuses by allogenic BMC transplantation at gastrulation is important results for stem cell therapy of fetuses.

There were early results that effect of single intravenous transplantation of pregnant rats Percoll derived mononuclear bone marrow cells (BMC) suspention of 4-5, 7-9 or 11-12 pregnant days to rats with the same date of pregnancy depends on gestation period of transplantation. The weight of 18th day fetuses after intravenous transplantation during 7-9 days was increased with significant difference in comparison with weight of normal fetuses. In case of intravenous BMC transplantation during placentation at 11-12 days of pregnancy the weight of fetuses was decreased, the weight of placentas was increased and survival of fetuses was disturbed. There are several explanations of increase of weight of fetuses after intravenous BMC transplantation within gastrulation including paracrine effect of allogenic transplanted cells on the DC development, the apoptosis and proliferation of embryonal cells and possible epigenetic action. The retardation of fetuses growth after intravenous BMC transplantation during placenta formation at pregnant 11-12 days may be explained by cytotoxic action of uNK cells for embryo. At the same time the sub-dermal BMC transplantation at 11 and 13 pregnant days stopped the embryotoxic action of uNK cells and increased the weight of fetuses and preserved the survival of embryos.