Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and relapsing gastrointestinal disorders, where a significant proportion of patients are unresponsive or lose response to traditional and currently used therapies. In the current study, we propose a new concept for anti-inflammatory treatment based on a selective acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) inhibitor. The functions of chitinases remain unclear, but they have been shown to be implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory disorders regarding the lung (asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and gastrointestinal tract (IBD and colon cancer). The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of AMCase inhibitor (OAT-177) on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced models of colitis. In the short-term therapeutic protocol, OAT-177 given intragastrically in a 30 mg/kg dose, twice daily, produced a significant (p < 0.001) anti-inflammatory effect, as shown by the macroscopic score. Additionally, OAT-177 significantly decreased TNF-α mRNA levels and MPO activity compared to DSS-only treated mice. Intraperitoneal administration of OAT-177 at a dose of 50 mg/kg caused statistically relevant reduction of the colon length. In the long-term therapeutic protocol, OAT-177 given intragastrically in a dose of 30 mg/kg, twice daily, significantly improved colon length and body weight compared to DSS-induced colitis. This is the first study proving that AMCase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of IBD.
Background: Recent studies suggest that lipids, including free fatty acids (FFAs), are necessary for proper μ opioid receptor (MOR) binding and that activation of opioid receptors (ORs) improves intestinal inflammation. The objective of the study was to investigate a possible interaction between the ORs and FFA receptors (FFARs) ligands in the colitis. Methods: The potential synergistic effect of ORs and FFARs ligands was evaluated using mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 4%). Compounds were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) once or twice daily at the doses of 0.01 or 0.02 mg/kg body weight (BW) (DAMGO—an MOR agonist), 0.3 mg/kg BW (DPDPE—a δ OR (DOR) agonist) and 1 mg/kg BW (naloxone—a non-selective OR antagonist, GLPG 0974—a FFAR2 antagonist, GSK 137647—a FFAR4 agonist and AH 7614—a FFAR4 antagonist) for 4 days. Results: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was significantly decreased after DAMGO (0.02 mg/kg BW) and GSK 137647 (1 mg/kg BW) administration and co-administration as compared to DSS group. Conclusions: Treatment with ligands of ORs and FFARs may affect the immune cells in the inflammation; however, no significant influence on the severity of colitis and no synergistic effect were observed.
Nieswoiste choroby zapalne jelit (NChZJ) stanowią grupę chorób przewlekłych o globalnym zasięgu, znacznie obniżających jakość życia pacjentów. Do głównych przedstawicieli NChZJ zalicza się chorobę Leśniowskiego-Crohna (ChLC) oraz wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego (WZJG). Chociaż etiologia NChZJ nadal pozostaje nie w pełni poznana, inflamasom NLRP3 jest jednym z najbardziej obiecujących kierunków badań w jej zakresie. NLRP3 jest aktywowanym przez molekularne wzorce związane z uszkodzeniem komórki i patogenami funkcjonalnym kompleksem odpowiedzialnym za produkcję cytokin prozapalnych – interleukiny-1b (IL-1b) oraz -18 (IL-18), przez co uczestniczy w procesie zapalnym leżącym u podłoża NChZJ. W ostatnich latach coraz częściej zwraca się jednak uwagę na aktywność NLRP3 obejmującą utrzymywanie homeostazy błony śluzowej jelit oraz kontroli składu mikrobiomu jelitowego, dzięki której może on stanowić ważny czynnik ochronny przed NChZJ. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiamy wyniki badań przemawiające za każdą z przedstawionych teorii na temat NLRP3 w patogenzie NChZJ – zarówno jako czynnika sprawczego, jak i ochronnego.
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