The process of identifying suitable genome-wide association (GWA) studies and formatting the data to calculate multiple polygenic risk scores on a single genome can be laborious. Here, we present a centralized polygenic risk score calculator currently containing over 250,000 genetic variant associations from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog for users to easily calculate sample-specific polygenic risk scores with comparable results to other available tools. Polygenic risk scores are calculated either online through the Polygenic Risk Score Knowledge Base (PRSKB; https://prs.byu.edu) or via a command-line interface. We report study-specific polygenic risk scores across the UK Biobank, 1000 Genomes, and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), contextualize computed scores, and identify potentially confounding genetic risk factors in ADNI. We introduce a streamlined analysis tool and web interface to calculate and contextualize polygenic risk scores across various studies, which we anticipate will facilitate a wider adaptation of polygenic risk scores in future disease research.

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The cerebral cortical changes associated with propofol induced unconsciousness remain unknown. While the anesthetic agent affects the entire cerebral cortices, there might be spatiotemporal differences in cortical changes. In particular, we hypothesized that there might be spatiotemporal differences in cortical changes with propofol anesthesia. To address this hypothesis, we investigated power spectrum changes in electrocorticography (ECoG) signals obtained during the induction phase from awake state to unconsciousness. We found that, 1) the power increased in the range of frequencies < 46 Hz (delta to low gamma), and decreased in the range (62 to 150) Hz (high gamma), in global channels during the induction phase. 2) The power in the frontoparietal network (FPN), specifically the superior parietal lobule and prefrontal cortex, started to change early, but took a long time to completely change. However, the power in the default mode network (DMN) started to change late, but took a short time to completely change. 3) The power change (ΔPower) in the DMN was more conspicuous than that of the dorsal attention network (DAN) in high gamma frequency. Considering that the FPN is involved in communication with the external world and that DMN is involved in communication with self, loss of consciousness induced by general anesthesia results from first, disrupted communication between self and external world, and is then followed by disrupted communication within self, with decreased activity of the FPN, and later, attenuated activity of the DMN.