Aims Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are a class of medications mainly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They improve glucose tolerance, increase insulin secretion and induce weight loss. There is controversy about the effect of GLP‐1 RAs on serum uric acid (SUA) concentration. Our systematic review aims to objectively answer whether GLP‐1 RAs affect SUA levels. Methods We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar datasets up to 27August 2021 with a language restriction of English only. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, uncontrolled trials and conference abstracts were included. Studies with insufficient data, irrelevant types of study and follow‐up duration of less than a month were excluded from the review. After critical appraisal by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, articles underwent data extraction using a prespecified Microsoft Excel sheet. Results Of 1004 identified studies, 17 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Pre‐ to post‐administration analysis of GLP‐1 RA effects on SUA demonstrated that GLP‐1 RAs could significantly reduce SUA concentration (difference in means −0.341, SE 0.063, P value <0.001). However, when compared to placebo, GLP‐1RAs did not perform any better in lowering SUA concentration (difference in means −0.455, SE 0.259, P value 0.079). Surprisingly, the active controls, which included insulin, metformin, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors, did outperform GLP‐1 RAs in reducing SUA concentration (difference in means 0.250, SE 0.038, P value <0.001). Conclusions Administration of GLP‐1 RAs can result in a significant reduction in SUA concentration. However, this reduction is less than that seen with the use of insulin, metformin and SGLT‐2 inhibitors.

Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. The results of recent studies have suggested that neonates may present symptoms of COVID-19. Although the presentation of the disease in neonates is known to vary, only a limited number of studies have investigated newborns infected with COVID-19. Case presentation This study presents two Asian cases of newborns with COVID-19. Maternal–fetal or postnatal transmission was suggested based on the simultaneity of maternal infection. Chest radiography in one of the neonates showed severe lung involvement. Despite support and resuscitation attempts, the poor clinical condition of the neonate led to his death. However, the two mothers and one of the neonates were discharged from the hospital in good general condition. Conclusion The neonates had worse clinical conditions than the mothers, and the intensity of pneumonia and level of lung involvement in the newborns were not associated with the stage and severity of the disease in the mothers with COVID-19.

Objective Mucormycosis is a rare yet devastating fungal disease with a frequently fatal outcome. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of mucormycosis, evaluate its risk factors, and assess the patients' outcomes in pre‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 era. Methods In this retrospective observational study, clinical data of 158 patients with confirmed histopathological diagnosis of mucormycosis were collected from the medical records departments of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals, Mashhad, Iran during 2018–2021. The collected data were risk factors associated with mucormycosis including age, gender, underlying diseases, details of corticosteroid administration, and complications such as blindness and mortality. Results Of 158 studied patients, 48 patients were diagnosed in the pre‐pandemic period whereas 110 cases were admitted during the pandemic era. COVID‐19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) was observed in 58.1% of the pandemic cases. In the pre‐pandemic period, cancer (89.5% vs. 39%, p < .001) was significantly more prevalent while during the pandemic era, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (16.7% vs. 51%, p < .001) was remarkably higher. Moreover, the mortality rate of mucormycosis was considerably reduced after the pandemic (64.6%–45.4%), especially in CAM patients (35.9%). Conclusion The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to an increased prevalence of mucormycosis, due to the convergence of interlinked risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid therapy, and COVID‐19. Therefore, clinicians must be aware of the probable occurrence of mucormycosis in the first or second week of COVID‐19 infection in vulnerable patients and use the steroids cautiously. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, 2022.

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the third member of the coronavirus family to cause global concern in the twenty-first century. Pregnant women are particularly at higher risk of developing severe viral pneumonia, possibly because of a partial immune suppression during their pregnancy. Under such critical and rapidly evolving circumstances, these poor findings might be helpful for the treatment of infected pregnant women with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Case presentation In this study, we report the case of a 33-year-old Asian pregnant woman at 25 gestational weeks with coronavirus disease 2019 who developed severe complications, including hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary infiltration, and bilateral pleural effusion. She died 1 month after admission to the hospital. Conclusion Pregnant populations are especially at higher risk of viral pneumonia development caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Further research on the prevention and treatment of the new coronavirus is necessary.

IntroductionThe outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a public health emergency by world health organization (WHO) on 30 January 2020. Recent studies have suggested that infants present the symptoms of COVID-19. Although the presentation of the disease in babies is variable, there are limited studies about the infected babies with 2019-nCoV.Case presentationIn this study, we have presented a case report of two infants with COVID-19. According to the simultaneity of maternal infection, maternal-fetal transmission or postnatal transmission was suggested. The chest radiography of one of the neonates suggested severe lung involvement. Despite the supportive and resuscitation attempts, poor clinical condition of him led to his death. Fortunately, the two mothers and one of the babies were discharged from the hospital with a good general condition.ConclusionIn this paper, we have reported two infants who had positive results of COVID-19 testing at day one of life. The babies had worse clinical conditions than their mothers and the intensity of pneumonia and the level of lung involvement of the infants were not associated with the stage and disease severity of the mothers who infected with 2019-nCoV.