Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes still suffer from fouling and biofouling. In this work, by incorporating a graphene oxide (GO)−silver-based metal−organic framework (Ag-MOF) into the TFC selective layer, we synthesized a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane that has notably improved anti-biofouling and antifouling properties. The TFN membrane has a more negative surface charge, higher hydrophilicity, and higher water permeability compared with the TFC membrane. Fluorescence imaging revealed that the GO−Ag-MOF TFN membrane kills Escherichia (E.) coli more than the Ag-MOF TFN, GO TFN, and pristine TFC membranes by 16, 30, and 92%, respectively. Forward osmosis experiments with E. coli and sodium alginate suspensions showed that the GO−Ag-MOF TFN membrane by far has the lowest water flux reduction among the four membranes, proving the exceptional anti-biofouling and antifouling properties of the GO−Ag-MOF TFN membrane.
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