The chapter presents state-of-the-art of reservoir limnology and water quality modelling and their use in reservoir water quality management. Reservoirs are classified into dam reservoirs and impoundments. The features of dam reservoirs and lakes are confronted, both qualitative (absolute) and quantitative (relative) differences being specified. Different consequences of reservoir construction for the river are outlined. Methodological problems concerning sampling and mathematical modelling are dealt with. Theoretical aspects of reservoir limnology cover the position of reservoirs in the river continuum concept, retention time as a key factor of reservoir limnology and reservoir aging (short term trophic upsurge) and long term reservoir ecosystem evolution. Pulse effects are treated as a theoretical problem with considerable consequences for reservoir management. Specific attention is devoted to multiple reservoir systems. Reservoir water quality management approaches and options as well as their use for specific reservoir uses are analyzed. The perspective for future reservoir investigations is treated.

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