Evidence is mounting that teacher question can assist EFL students in various purposes in teaching learning process. However, teacher's lack of knowledge about questioning taxonomy could become a failure in leading students' learning. This study investigates questioning strategies, the taxonomy of questions-type, and their application by teacher in advanced prose class, to scaffold students' learning. Classroom observations, field notes and videotape recording, were employed to collect the data. Findings indicate that among four types of questioning strategies, redirecting was the most frequently used to initiate students' responses and to probe more into students' understanding. Other findings show that low-cognitive questions were common. Of those, knowledge-based questions were the most frequently used to confirm students' understanding of the materials they learnt, but, the higher-level questions were rarely used. It was also found that teacher employed questioning strategies ineffectively to manage the class; insufficient time responded to a complex level of questions; the number of questions created confusion. Some changes to create effective classroom questioning and a stronger connection between the level of question and the questioning strategies are discussed.

This paper reports the findings of a case study investigating Grammar Translation Method (GTM) through mother tongue, much-isolated words, and putting words together in grammar class to scaffold students’ learning. Mixed methods, classroom observations, field-notes and videotape recording, were employed to collect the data. The data gained, then, transcribed and classified by using code. The selected data is displayed into table and analyzed descriptively. While validating data is done by crosschecking  the result of data analysis of each methods. The data is reported in regard with the result of findings and discussion to answer the research questions of this study. Findings indicate that among three types of GTM, the use of mother tongues was frequently used to give instruction.Other findings show that much-isolated words were used to introduce new vocabulary, and putting words together were used to explain topic discussion. Some changes to create effective GTM through other types of GTM was also discussed.

Learning activities were changed from face-to-face to full-online due to the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019. Online learning through WhatsApp Group (WAG) was used by a mathematics teacher in higher education program in the early 2020. However, the learning result showed that 75% of preservice teacher were unable to accomplish their elementary linear algebra material. The combination of online learning through asynchronous method and synchronous learning was an alternative solution to solve the problem and enable preservice teachers having virtual face-to-face interactions with their lecturers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the improvement in preservice teachers' learning outcomes and responses to synchronous and asynchronous learning. The research design used was one group posttest-only with 23 subjects were selected by clustered random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. The test results showed that learning outcomes after synchronous and asynchronous learning was effective. While the questionnaire results expressed most preservice teachers gave a positive response to both learning methods. Thus, the combination of the two methods could improve the effectiveness of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is recommended that higher education institutions provide innovative e-learning platforms for preservice teachers in developing further online learning methods.

Recently curriculum in elementary school has posed the English subject as an extracurricular subject. However, the meeting is done once in a week during effective learning hours. It challenges the English teacher to formulate English learning activities. This study is aimed to describe the teaching-learning activities, including the English teacher’s strategy, material, and media. An English teacher and 29 students of 4A were chosen as the subjects. Mix methods; observation, interviews, and questionnaires were chosen to collect data. The results of observation indicate that the English teacher has the ability in explaining, managing, communicating and evaluating the students. On the contrary, negative responses towards the media used, the attitude, and the benefit of the media were also shown by students’ responses. Mainly, they thought that some of what they get did not match with their expectations. Some changes to create effective English teacher strategy and students’ participation are discussed.

This study presents the informal formative assessment practice embedded in teacher-students interaction in daily teaching activities. Although many previous studies claimed as informal formative assessment, the adequate information on how informal formative assessment integrated in EFL classroom interaction in the higher education level was not acquired yet. A case study design on ESRU Model was used with 59 Indonesian EFL teachers in higher education level. Online Survey questionnaire was used to determine participants to be involved for further investigation in classroom observation and interview. This research highlighted clarifying learning goal as prerequisite activity before conducting the ESRU model activities. Interestingly, of the four activities in ESRU model, the use information gained was potentially support students’ learning compared to other three activities; Elicits information, the student responds, and the teacher recognizes students’ responses. Hence, this study can contribute insight for the teachers to reflect their own teaching practice.