Introduction. The aim of study was to analyze the results and complications of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions, treatment and prevention possibilities. Material and Methods. We performed 210 operations: 175 with patellar tendon graft and 35 with hamstring tendons. Men were 7 times more present in our survey. The average age being 27.1 years. The average follow up was 3.2 years. The participants answered a modified Knee Ostedoarthritis Outcome Scale questionnaire set. We used clinical examination tests (Range of motion, Lachman and pivot shift) and postoperative X-rays. Results. The complication?s rate was 9% (19 patients). In patellar tendon group we registered one patellar fracture and pulmonary tromboembolism and two cases of cyclops lesions. Septic arthritis was more common among professional athletes and in hamstring tendons group. Reoperations had to be performed: in 5 cases of infections (continous irrigation and drainage), two arthrofibrosis and one osteosynthesis of patella. Graft had to be removed in 2.5% of cases and revisions happened mostly because of impropriate position of bone tunnels and new trauma. One algodystrophic syndrome happened in hamstring tendons group. Complications were successfully treated in 12 cases but 5 patients had knee contractures, so average Knee Ostedoarthritis Outcome Scale score was 88.2 points in comparison to 93.8 points in patients without complications. Seventy-three percent of patients returned to nonrestricted (sport) activities. Complications can compromise the final results of anterios cruciate ligament reconstructions. We registered similar complication rates between different grafts. Some of complications had almost every eleventh patient that resulted with reoperation at every eighteenth of them. Conclusion. The most of complications can be prevented and treated successfuly althought many questions are still left opened.

Introduction. The aim of the study was to analyze the tibial tunnel position after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Material and Methods. The study included 830 patients who underwent this operative procedure. There were four times more male than female patients. The tibial tunnel placement was analyzed on frontal and lateral radiograph images of the knee joint. Results. The average frontal tibial index was 55% (35 -68%), the average frontal tibial angle was 75 degrees (58 -90), the sagittal tibial index was 30% (15 -52%) and the sagittal tibial angle was 68 degrees (50 -89). Conclusion. A significant deviation from these values may potentially lead to failure of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. SažetakUvod. Studija ima za cilj da analizira položaj tunela na golenjači nakon rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta. Materijal i metode. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 830 pacijenata kojima je izvršena rekonstrukcija ligamenta. U uzorku smo više od četiri puta imali zastupljene muškarce. Položaj tunela na golenjači analiziran je frontalnim i bočnim radiografskim snimcima kolena. Rezultati. Prosečna vrednost frontalnog tibijalnog indeksa iznosi 55% (35-68%), frontalnog tibijalnog ugla 75 stepeni (58-90), sagitalnog tibijalnog indeksa 30% (15-52%) i sagitalnog tibijalnog ugla 68 stepeni (50-89). Zaključak. Značajnija odstupanja od navedenih vrednosti potencijalno mogu dovesti do neuspeha rekonstrukcija prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta. Ključne

Introduction. Cyclops syndrome is one of the causes of failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The aim of the study was to examine the quality of life of patients who had this complication and its consequences till the return to unrestricted (sports) activities. Material and Methods. During an eighteen-year follow-up of 4330 patients, cyclops syndrome was found in 71 patients (1.64%). This study included 60 of them, who agreed to fill out a questionnaire and functional scoring scales. Results and Discussion. The mean Tegner score was 5.95 and Lysholm score was 86.13 points. After the arthroscopic removal of cyclops lesion, excellent results were found in 22 patients (36.7%), good in 19 (31.7%), poor in 16 (26.7%) and very poor in three cases (5%). On average, athletes lose 10 months from injury to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It takes at least 6 months to return to competitive sports. If cyclops lesion occurs, it takes approximately 10 months to arthroscopy, and on average 3 months of postoperative recovery. Conclusion. Cyclops lesion is a complication that significantly compromises the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, in terms of functional scores, subjective symptoms, the intensity of sports activities, and quality of life. Arthroscopic removal of the cyclops lesion leads to satisfactory postoperative results, but athletes lose 2.5 years on the whole, from injury to return to unrestricted sports activities.

No abstract