Many oncogenic mutations promote tumor growth by inducing autonomous activity of proteins that normally transmit proliferative signal initiated by extracellular factors. G proteins are a family of guanine nucleotide binding proteins, which are structurally homologous and widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. They are composed of three different subunits (alpha, beta e gamma). The alpha subunit, which contains the guanine nucleotide-binding site, is unique to each G protein. The G proteins couple an array of seven transmembrane receptors at the cell surface with a variety of intracellular effectors, which produce second messenger molecules. A subset of endocrine tumors, such as GH- or ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, functioning thyroid adenomas, adrenocortical and gonadal tumors were associated with somatic activating mutations in the highly conserved codons of the Gs (Arg201 and Gln227) and Gi (Arg179 and Gln205) proteins. These findings indicated that the G proteins play a role as oncogenes, contributing with the human endocrine tumorigenesis.
Agradeço a todos que contribuíram direta e indiretamente para a realização deste trabalho. Algumas menções especiais: À Profa. Dra. Ana Claudia Latronico, minha orientadora, um exemplo admirável de competência profissional, como médica, pesquisadora e professora. Agradeço sua amizade, dedicação, incentivo, paciência, otimismo contagiante e alegria cativante que tornaram a realização dessa tese uma atividade extremamente prazerosa. Ao meu esposo maravilhoso, João Evangelista, por seu amor intenso, puro e sincero, por seu apoio, companheirismo e cumplicidade que me tornam uma pessoa completa, feliz e realizada.
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