Cet article propose de décrire le degré de rigidité à la baisse des salaires en France sur la période récente et d’examiner dans quelle mesure les accords collectifs de salaire y contribuent. Le degré de rigidité à la baisse est plus fort sur les salaires de base que sur l’ensemble des salaires, y compris les primes et heures supplémentaires. Toutefois, l’effet des accords collectifs est assez similaire sur la dynamique des salaires de base et de l’ensemble de la rémunération : une hausse de 1 % des salaires de branche accroît d’un peu plus de 0,1 pp les salaires. L’effet des accords d’entreprise est un peu plus fort : observer un accord d’entreprise est associé à des salaires plus élevés de l’ordre de 0,3 pp. L’effet des accords de branche est faiblement décroissant le long de la distribution des salaires, et très hétérogène selon les secteurs.
How do minimum wages (MW) shape the aggregate wage dynamics when wage adjustment is lumpy? In this paper, we document new empirical findings on the effect of MW on wage rigidity using quarterly micro wage data matched with sectoral bargained MW. We estimate a micro empirical model of wage rigidity taking into account minimum wage dynamics and we use a simulation method to investigate implications of lumpy micro wage adjustment for the aggregate wage dynamics. Our main findings are the following. Both national and sectoral MW have a large effect on the timing and on the size of wage adjustments. At the aggregate level, MW contribute to amplify, by a factor of 1.7, the response of wages to past inflation. Ignoring MW leads to underestimate the speed of aggregate wage adjustment by about a year. The elasticities of wages with respect to past inflation, the national MW and industry-level MW are respectively 0.42, 0.17 and 0.16. Finally, there are significant spillover effects of the NMW on higher wages transiting through industry-level MW.
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