Влияние произвольной групповой самоидентификации на социальную перцепцию групп разного типа Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, проект 16-16-59006. Исследуется влияние групповой самоидентификации и категории социальной группы на ингрупповой фаворитизм и стереотипизацию. Групповая самоидентификация рассматривается как осознание группового членства и отнесение ингруппы к большинству / меньшинству. Обнаружено, что фаворитизм и стереотипизация задаются особенностями групповой самоидентификации субъекта, но при этом опосредуются категориями социальных групп. Аутгруппы этнической категории в меньшей степени подвержены предвзятости и стереотипизации. Ключевые слова: социальная перцепция; групповая самоидентификация; аутгрупповая стереотипизация; ингрупповой фаворитизм (предвзятость); прототипизация; искусственные социальные группы; категории социальных групп.
The study is devoted to the analysis of the connotative dynamics of the concepts describing the educational space of university in students of Liberal Arts and Sciences degree programme who took a course in “Thinking and Writing”. The hypothesis tested was that there would be a dynamic trend towards greater differentiation and individualization of concepts "student", "learning" and "training group" in the experimental group as compared to the control sample. The participants (152 students, including 126 females and 26 males aged from 17 to 23, M = 17.91, SD = 0.79) evaluated these concepts using the Semantic Differential Scale before and after the course. It was found (p <0.10 ÷ 0.05) that in the experimental sample the connotations for "student" showed an increase in imagery and subjective evaluation component, and the concept "learning" was assessed as less hostile and more diverse. In turn, the connotative dynamics of the meanings for "training group" was similar to that of the control group. The obtained results are of primary interest in the context of shaping the students’ learning motivation and can be employed in comparative studies of the effects produced by conceptually different educational programs.
The study deals with the description of the mediating role of control variables in the perception of the Other under conditions of negative pre-stimulus distraction. As a result of such distraction, a perceptual contrast effect arises. It manifests itself as significant positive changes in the attitude toward the target ob-ject (TO). In our study, this effect is analyzed for different levels of assessments given by the subject to the appearance of the TO and for different degrees of similarity between the former and the latter. The gender-related peculiarities in the manifestation of this effect are also investigated. The study involved 541 students, including 417 females (77 %) and 124 males (23 %) from 17 to 35 years (M = 20.11 ± 1.33). The factors of the object’s attractiveness and his/her similarity to the subject were found to mediate the contrast effects in the perception of an ambivalent (but not valent) personality. The study revealed the features of the mediating role of these factors in assessing the TO by three disposition-al traits — consciousness, extraversion, and neuroticism. It was also found that men demonstrate stable attitude toward an ambivalent woman, regardless of the negative pre-stimulus impact, while women, when perceiving an ambivalent woman, show a high susceptibility to negative pre-stimulus distraction. The results obtained clarify and limit the range of negative pre-stimulus effects in the process of social perception, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy in prediction of perceptual effects while tak-ing into account the initial attitudes of the subject.